Rumpun bahasa Kalimantan Utara Raya: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Karena hipotesis Borneo Utara Raya juga memasukkan bahasa-bahasa Melayik, Chamik, dan Sunda, usulan ini berselisih dengan hipotesis [[rumpun bahasa Melayu-Sumbawa|Melayu-Sumbawa]] (mencakup bahasa-bahasa Melayik, Chamik, Sunda, dan Bali-Sasak-Sumbawa) yang diajukan oleh Alexander Adelaar.{{sfn|Blust|2010|p=81}}{{sfn|Adelaar|2005}}
 
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== History ==
Blust connects the GNB expansion with the migration of Austronesian speakers into the [[Maritime Southeast Asia]]. According to Blust, when Austronesian speakers came from the north through the [[Philippines]], they split into three groups: one that went into Borneo, one that went into [[Sulawesi]], and one that went into the [[Moluccas]].{{sfn|Blust|2010|p=45}} After landed on Borneo, the first group was further split into two: one that moved along the northwestern coast facing the [[South China Sea]], and another one that moved along the eastern coast. The language variety spoken by the northwestern group eventually developed into Greater North Borneo languages.{{sfn|Blust|2010|p=48}}
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== ClassificationKlasifikasi ==
=== Blust (2010) ===
Robert Blust proposedmengusulkan abeberapa setinovasi ofkosa lexicalkata innovationsyang thatmendefinisikan definedsubkelompok GreaterBorneo NorthUtara BorneoRaya. OneDi ofantara theseinovasi innovationsleksikal isini adalah pergantian dari *tuzuqpitu replacingdari [[Proto-MalayoMelayu-PolynesianPolinesia]] menjadi *pitutuzuq foruntuk kata 'seventujuh'.{{sfn|Blust|2010|pp=44, 47}} TheKelompok-kelompok followingberikut subgroupsdimasukkan aredi includeddalam Borneo Utara Raya oleh Blust:
*[[Rumpun bahasa Borneo Utara|Borneo Utara]]
*North Borneo
**[[Rumpun bahasa Sabah Timur Laut|Sabah Timur Laut]]
**[[Sabahan languages|Northeast Sabah]]
**[[Rumpun bahasa Sabah Barat Daya|Sabah Barat Daya]]
**[[Sabahan languages|Southwest Sabah]]
**[[NorthRumpun Sarawakanbahasa languages|NorthSarawak Utara|Sarawak Utara]]
*[[Rumpun bahasa Kayan-Murik|Kayanik]]
*[[Kayan–Murik languages|Kayanic]]
**[[Bahasa Kayan language (Borneo)|Kayan]]-Murik-Merap
**[[SegaiBahasa languageSegai|Segai]]-[[ModangBahasa languageModang|Modang]]
*[[LandRumpun bahasa Dayak languagesDarat|Land Dayak Darat]]
**[[Benyadu’Bahasa languageBenyadu'|Banyadu]]-[[Bekati’Bahasa languagesBekati’|Bekati]]
**Bidayuh-SouthernDayak LandDarat DayakSelatan
*Melayu-Chamik
*Malayo-Chamic
**[[MalayicRumpun languagesbahasa Melayik|MalayicMelayik]]
**[[ChamicRumpun languagesbahasa Chamik|ChamicChamik]]
*[[SundaneseBahasa languageSunda|SundaneseSunda]]
*[[RejangBahasa languageRejang|Rejang]]
*[[MoklenicRumpun languagesbahasa Moken-Moklen|Moken]]
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While Blust assumed that all languages of Borneo other than those in Greater Barito subgroup with GNB,{{sfn|Blust|2010|pp=44, 47}} he doesn't attempt to explicitly classify several languages, including those with insufficient available data.{{sfn|Blust|2010|pp=52–53}}{{sfn|Smith|2017a|p=28}}
*(unclassified)
**[[Melanau language|Melanau]]
**[[Kajang languages|Kajang]]
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=== Smith (2017a, 2017b) ===
Smith recognizesmenambahkan ansatu independentcabang Centraltersendiri Sarawakbagi branch[[rumpun withinbahasa GreaterMelanau-Kajang|bahasa-bahasa NorthSarawak Tengah]] di dalam Borneo Utara Raya, combiningmenggabungkan thebahasa-bahasa Melanau, Kajang, Punan, anddan Punan–MüllerMüller-Schwaner languages.{{sfn|Smith|2017a|p=319}} AdditionallySelain itu, heia alsojuga excludesmemisahkan MoklenicMoklenik fromdari GNB and places it all theBorneo wayUtara upRaya asdan onemenempatkannya ofsebagai thesalah primarysatu branchescabang ofutama MalayoMelayu-PolynesianPolinesia.{{sfn|Smith|2017b|p=459–460}}
*[[Rumpun bahasa Borneo Utara|Borneo Utara]]
*North Borneo
**[[Rumpun bahasa Sabah Timur Laut|Sabah Timur Laut]]
**[[Sabahan languages|Northeast Sabah]]
**[[Rumpun bahasa Sabah Barat Daya|Sabah Barat Daya]]
**[[Sabahan languages|Southwest Sabah]]
**[[NorthRumpun Sarawakanbahasa languages|NorthSarawak Utara|Sarawak Utara]]
*[[Rumpun bahasa Melanau–Kajang|Sarawak Tengah]]
*[[Melanau–Kajang languages|Central Sarawak]]
**[[MelanauBahasa languageMelanau|Melanau]]
**[[KajangRumpun languagesbahasa Kajang|Kajang]]
*[[Rumpun bahasa Kayan-Murik|Kayanik]]
**Punan–Müller-Schwaner
**[[Bahasa Kayan language (Borneo)|Kayan]]-Murik-Merap
*[[Kayan–Murik languages|Kayanic]]
**[[SegaiBahasa languageSegai|Segai]]-[[ModangBahasa languageModang|Modang]]
**[[Kayan language (Borneo)|Kayan]]-Murik-Merap
*[[Rumpun bahasa Dayak Darat|Dayak Darat]]
**[[Segai language|Segai]]-[[Modang language|Modang]]
**[[Benyadu’Bahasa languageBenyadu'|Banyadu]]-[[Bekati’Bahasa languagesBekati’|Bekati]]
*[[Land Dayak languages|Land Dayak]]
**Bidayuh-Dayak Darat Selatan
**[[Benyadu’ language|Banyadu]]-[[Bekati’ languages|Bekati]]
*Melayu-Chamik
**Bidayuh-Southern Land Dayak
**[[Rumpun bahasa Melayik|Melayik]]
*Malayo-Chamic
**[[MalayicRumpun languagesbahasa Chamik|MalayicChamik]]
**[[ChamicBahasa languagesSunda|ChamicSunda]]
*[[SundaneseBahasa languageRejang|SundaneseRejang]]
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*[[Rejang language|Rejang]]
 
Proto-Kayanic, Proto-Punan, Proto-Müller-Schwaner, Proto-Land Dayak, and Proto-Kenyah have also been reconstructed in Smith (2017a).{{sfn|Smith|2017a|p=49–50}}