Gilda (perhimpunan): Perbedaan antara revisi

Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan
k Bot: Perubahan kosmetika
Baris 127:
Professions such as arsitek, teknisi, geolog, dan juru ukur tanah require varying lengths of apprenticeships before one can gain a sertifikat "profesional". These certifications hold great legal weight: most states make them a prerequisite to practicing there.{{Citation needed|date=April 2012}}
 
[[Thomas W. Malone]] champions a modern variant of the struktur gilda for modern "e-lancers", professionals who do mostly [[telework]] for multiple employers. [[Insurance]] including any professional [[legal liability|liability]], [[intellectual capital]] protections, an [[ethical code]] perhaps enforced by peer pressure and software, and other benefits of a strong association of producers of knowledge, benefit from [[economies of scale]], and may prevent cut-throat competition that leads to inferior services undercutting prices.{{Citation needed|date=January 2010}} And, as with historical guilds, such a structure will resist foreign competition. The [[free software community]] dari waktu ke waktu telah mengeksplorasi struktur serupa gilda untuk bersatu menghadapi persaingan dari [[Microsoft]], e.g. [[Advogato]] assigns journeyer and master ranks to those committing to work only or mostly on perangkat lunak gratis.-->
 
=== Gilda di Eropa ===