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== Pemilihan Umum ==
Prosedur pemilihan yang diambil sebelum akhir masa presiden yang sedang menjabat (''incumbent'') dengan 60 hari.
=== Pencalonan ===
Persyaratan tambahan yang ditetapkan dalam Pasal 76 dari konstitusi Mesir mengenai calon kantor presiden.
* Calon sudah harus menduduki salah satu posisi kepemimpinan puncak di partai mereka untuk jangka waktu satu tahun.
* Kandidat partai politik harus telah ditetapkan untuk jangka waktu lima tahun, dan berhasil menang 3% dari kursi di Majelis Rakyat (majelis rendah parlemen), dan 5% di Dewan Shora (majelis tinggi).
* Kandidat [[Independen (politikus)|Independen]] harus menerima dukungan dari 250 anggota yang dipilih dari badan perwakilan Mesir (sekitar 6,5% dari total 3847 perwakilan), di mana minimal 65 dukungan yang akan diperoleh dari Majelis Rakyat (yang merupakan 14%), 25 dukungan dari Dewan Syura (juga 14%) dan 10 dukungan Dewan lokal dari 14 governorat (4,5%) untuk memastikan keterwakilan geografis.
=== Prosedur Pemilihan ===
==== Sistem Lama ====
[[Berkas:Presidential Standard of Egypt 1972-1984.svg|jmpl|ka|200px|Presidential Standard, 1972–1984]]
Sebelum amendemen [[Konstitusi Mesir|Konstitusi Mesir 1971]] pada tahun 1980, presiden republik dipilih langsung dalam sistem dua tahap yang unik. Majelis Rakyat, majelis rendah Parlemen mencalonkan salah satu dari sejumlah calon presiden. Para calon presiden memerlukan setidaknya dua pertiga mayoritas di Majelis Rakyat dalam rangka untuk melanjutkan ke tahap kedua pemilu.
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==== Amendemen Konstitusi 2005/2007 ====
{{Tone|section|date=February 2011}}
Pada 2005 dan 2007, [[Konstitusi Mesir Provisional tahun 2011|amendemen konstitusi dibuat]]. Dalam konstitusi yang diamendemen termasuk prinsip:
* The election of the president of the republic by direct [[secret ballot]] from among all citizens who have the right to vote.
* Ensuring that multiple candidates be put forward for the people to choose from.
* Ensuring the credibility of the nomination process.
* Providing the opportunity for [[Politics of Egypt|political parties]] to put forward one of their leaders to contest the [[Egyptian presidential election, 2005|first presidential elections to be held in light of the amendment]].
* The establishment of a presidential election commission that would enjoy complete independence to supervise the election process.
* Carrying out the election in a single day.
* Ensuring judicial supervision over the voting process.
The following provisions regarding the election process are stipulated in Article 76 as amended:
A successful candidate must be elected by the majority of the votes. If no candidate attains such a majority, elections will be repeated after at least seven days between the two candidates having the highest votes. In case of a tie between the candidate who attained the second highest votes and a third candidate, the third candidate shall participate in the second round. The candidate who receives the highest votes in the second round shall be declared President.
The amendment also provides that a law will be passed to regulate the relevant election procedures. This law is expected to regulate the various aspects of the election process itself, including [[campaign finance|campaign funding]], equal access to the media, and guarantees of fair competition.
As required by the amendment, the law will be submitted to the [[Supreme Constitutional Court of Egypt|Supreme Constitutional Court]] to opine on its constitutionality. This establishes an important precedent in [[Egyptian Judicial System|Egypt’s legal tradition]], by which the Supreme Constitutional Court shall have the right of prior review of national legislation to decide on its compatibility with the Constitution. This differs from the practice thus far by which the review process undertaken by the Court on national legislation was done by [[judicial review]] subsequent to the passage of legislation.
{{Egyptian presidential election, 2012}}
== Presidential campaign ==
{{Expand section|date=June 2008}}
=== Presidential Election Commission ===
The amendment to Article 76 of the constitution provides for the establishment of a “Presidential Election Commission” that would have complete independence, and would be charged with the supervision of the presidential election process.
The Commission will be composed of 10 members, presided by the Chief Justice of the Supreme Constitutional Court and four other ex officio members of the judiciary who are the most senior serving Deputy President of each of the Supreme Constitutional, the Court of Cassation, and the High Administrative Court, and the president of the Cairo Court of Appeal.
The rest of the Commission will be made up from five independent and neutral public figures: three to be selected by the Peoples Assembly and two to be selected by the Shoura Council.
Decisions of this Committee shall be passed by a majority of seven votes. This Commission will have a term of five years and will be exclusively competent to supervise the presidential election process, including accepting nominations, announcing the names of accepted candidates, supervision of election procedures, vote counting and announcement of the results.
It will also have final judicial competence to rule on any contesting or challenge submitted in relation to the presidential elections, and its decision will be final and subject to no appeal. The Committee will issue its own regulations and shall be competent to establish general sub-committees from among members of the judiciary, to monitor the various phases of the election process, under its supervision. The election process will be completed in one day.
=== Inauguration and oath of office ===
In accordance with Article 79 of the constitution, the president must take the following oath or affirmation before exercising his functions:
"I swear by Allah The Almighty to sincerely maintain the Republican system, to respect the Constitution and law, to fully care about the interests of the people, and to maintain the independence and territorial integrity of the Homeland."
=== Term(s) of office ===
Under the Constitution, the president serves four Gregorian years starting from the date of the announcement of result of the plebiscite. The president of the republic may be re-elected once.
The constitution specifies the number of terms a president shall remain in office to be limited to two terms.
If the president-elect is announced before the end of the incumbent president’s term, the incumbent president continues in office until the end of his term.
=== Succession ===
In the case of temporary incapacitation of the president, the constitution provides the president to relinquish his powers to a [[Vice President of Egypt|vice-president]]. If there is no vice president in-office, the prime minister takes office. However the person who takes office is limited in power as the new president can not dissolve the parliament, propose constitutional amendments or remove the cabinet from office.
In case of the vacancy of the presidential office or the permanent incapacitation of the president, the speaker of the People’s Assembly shall temporarily assume the presidency. In case the People’s Assembly is dissolved at such a time the chief justice of the Supreme Constitutional Court shall take over the presidency on condition that neither shall nominate himself for the presidency. Both are also limited in power as in they can not dissolve the parliament, remove the cabinet, or propose constitutional amendments.
The People’s Assembly shall then proclaim the vacancy of the office of president, and a new president shall be chosen within a maximum period of sixty days from the date of the vacancy of the office.
Although, the constitution does not directly stipulate any role for the vice-president in the process of presidential succession, It had become a tradition for the People's Assembly to nominate the vice-president for the vacant office of the president. Both [[Sadat]] and [[Mubarak]] served as vice-presidents at the time the presidential office became vacant, however on Mubarak's succession in 1981 as president he did not appoint a vice-president until 29 January 2011 when during substantial protests demanding reforms he appointed [[Omar Suleiman]] to the role.<ref>{{cite news|last=McGreal|first=Chris|title=Mubarak deputy insists president will not bow out before Egyptian elections|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/feb/03/omar-suleiman-egypt-protests|accessdate=28 August 2012|newspaper=The Guardian|date=3 February 2011|author2=Ian Black}}</ref>
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=== Pengunduran Diri ===
Presiden dapat mengundurkan diri dengan mengajukan pengunduran dirinya kepada Majelis Rakyat.{{Citation needed|date=February 2011}}
Presiden [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]] mengajukan pengunduran diri setelah Mesir mengalami kekalahan pada tahun 1967 ketika berperang dengan Israel, sebelum kembali menjabat setelah demonstrasi massal oleh masyarakat Mesir.<ref>Aburish, Said. ''Nasser: The Last Arab''. St. Martin's Press, 2004. pp.268–269}}</ref> Presiden Mubarak juga mengundurkan diri pada tanggal 11 Februari 2011 setelah [[Protes Mesir tahun 2011|protes 18 hari]] terhadap rezimnya.
=== Kediaman Resmi ===
Kediaman resmi dan kantor presiden adalah [[Abdeen Palace]], di Kairo Old, [[Kairo]]. Istana presiden lainnya termasuk:
* [[Istana Heliopolis]], di [[Kairo]]
* [[Istana Ras Al-Teen]], di [[Alexandria]]
* [[Istana Montaza]], di Alexandria
perlunya sistem pemilihan yng mana majelis rendah dan majelis tinggi
== Lihat juga ==
* [[Daftar Presiden Mesir]]
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