Gilda (perhimpunan): Perbedaan antara revisi
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Di Firenze, Italia, terdapat 7 sampai 12 "gilda besar" dan 14 "gilda kecil". Gilda-gilda besar yang dianggap paling penting adalah gilda hakim dan gilda notaris, yang menangani urusan-urusan hukum dari gilda-gilda lain dan seringkali bertindak selaku penengah bilamana timbul pertikaian. Gilda-gilda besar lainnya adalah gilda wol, gilda sutra, dan gilda jual beli uang asing. Gilda-gilda ini membanggakan reputasi mereka sebagai lembaga-lembaga dengan hasil kerja bermutu tinggi, dan yang diganjar dengan harga tertinggi. Gilda mendenda anggota-anggotanya yang menyimpang dari standar. Gilda tabib, gilda peramu obat, gilda tukang kulit bulu binatang juga tergolong gilda-gilda besar. Gilda-gilda kecil meliputi gilda tukang roti, gilda tukang pelana, gilda pandai besi, dan gilda-gilda kerajinan lainnya. Gilda-gilda ini memiliki cukup banyak anggotanya, tetapi tidak memiliki kekuatan politik maupun sosial sehingga tidak dianggap penting untuk dilibatkan dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahan kota.<ref>{{cite book |first=Frank N. |last=Magill |title=Great Events from History: Ancient and Medieval Series: 951–1500 |publisher=Salem |volume=3 |year=1972 |isbn= |pages=1303–7 |url=}}</ref>
Gilda dibentuk oleh orang-orang yang berpengalaman dan sudah diakui keahliannya di bidang usaha atau kriya yang mereka tekuni. Orang-orang ini disebut [[guru kriya|guru-guru kriya]].<!--Before a new employee could rise to the level of mastery,
Like ''journey'', the distance that could be travelled in a day, the title 'journeyman' derives from the French words for 'day' (''jour'' and ''journée'') from which came the middle English word ''journei''. Journeymen were able to work for other masters, unlike apprentices, and generally paid by the day and were thus day labourers. After being employed by a master for several years, and after producing a qualifying piece of work, the apprentice was granted the rank of journeyman and was given documents (letters or certificates from his master and/or the guild itself) which certified him as a journeyman and entitled him to travel to other towns and countries to learn the art from other masters. These journeys could span large parts of Europe and were an unofficial way of communicating new methods and techniques, though by no means all journeymen made such travels — they were most common in Jerman dan Italia, and in other countries journeymen from small cities would often visit the capital.<ref name=Ogilvie11>{{harvnb|Ogilvie|2011}}</ref>
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