Syiah: Perbedaan antara revisi

▲It holds that the Islamic prophet [[Muhammad]] designated [[Ali|Ali ibn Abi Talib]] as his [[Succession to Muhammad|successor]] and the [[Imamah (Shia doctrine)|Imam]] (leader) after him,<ref>{{cite book |url=https://www.al-islam.org/khilafah-ali-over-abu-bakr-toyib-olawuyi/preface |title=On the Khilafah of Ali over Abu Bakr |last=Olawuyi |first=Toyib |publisher= |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-4928-5884-3 |location= |pages=3 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160422181325/http://www.al-islam.org/khilafah-ali-over-abu-bakr-toyib-olawuyi/preface |archivedate=22 April 2016 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> most notably at the [[event of Ghadir Khumm]], but was prevented from the caliphate as a result of the incident at [[Saqifah]]. This view primarily contrasts with that of [[Sunni Islam]], whose adherents believe that Muhammad did not appoint a successor and consider [[Abu Bakr]], who they claim was appointed [[Caliph]] through a [[Shura]], i.e. community consensus in Saqifa, to be the first rightful Caliph after the Prophet.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.alhewar.com/SadekShura.htm|title=The Shura Principle in Islam – by Sadek Sulaiman|website=www.alhewar.com|access-date=2016-06-18|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160727210611/http://www.alhewar.com/SadekShura.htm|archivedate=27 July 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

▲Unlike the first three [[Rashidun Caliphate|Rashidun]] caliphs, Ali was from the same clan as Muhammad, [[Banu Hashim]] as well as being the prophet's cousin and being the first male to become Muslim.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=VC4lDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA159|title=Managing Diversity in Organizations: A Global Perspective|last=Triana|first=María|date=2017|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-317-42368-3|location=|pages=159|language=en|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908112857/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=VC4lDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA159|archivedate=8 September 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

▲Adherents of Shia Islam are called '''Shias of Ali''', '''Shias''' or the '''Shi'a''' as a collective or '''Shi'i''' or '''Shi'ite''' individually.<ref>''Shi'a'' is an alternative spelling of ''Shia'', and ''Shi'ite'' of ''Shiite''. In subsequent sections, the spellings ''Shia'' and ''Shiite'' are adopted for consistency, except where the alternative spelling is in the title of a reference.</ref> Shia Islam is the second largest branch of Islam: as of the late 2000s, Shia Muslims constituted 10-15% of all Muslims.<ref name=PEW2009>{{cite web|title=Mapping the Global Muslim Population|url=http://www.pewforum.org/2009/10/07/mapping-the-global-muslim-population/|accessdate=10 December 2014|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151214172939/http://www.pewforum.org/2009/10/07/mapping-the-global-muslim-population/|archivedate=14 December 2015|df=dmy-all|date=2009-10-07|quote=The Pew Forum’s estimate of the Shia population (10-13%) is in keeping with previous estimates, which generally have been in the range of 10-15%.}}</ref> [[Twelver]] Shia (''Ithnā'ashariyyah'') is the largest branch of Shia Islam,<ref name="Newman2013">{{cite book|last=Newman|first=Andrew J.|title=Twelver Shiism: Unity and Diversity in the Life of Islam, 632 to 1722|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-_M8BQAAQBAJ|year=2013|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|isbn=978-0-7486-7833-4|chapter=Introduction|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=-_M8BQAAQBAJ&pg=PP18|page=2}}</ref> with 2012 estimates saying that 85% of Shias were Twelvers.<ref>{{cite book|last=Guidère|first=Mathieu|title=Historical Dictionary of Islamic Fundamentalism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tCvhzGiDMYsC&pg=PA319|year=2012|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-7965-2|page=319}}</ref>