Aztek: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
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[[File:Piedra_del_sol_Porfirio_Diaz.png|thumb|left|Presiden Porfirio Díaz dengan [[Batu Kalender Aztek]] pada tahun 1910 di [[Museum Antropologi Nasional (Meksiko)|Museum Antropologi Nasional]]. [[International Congress of Americanists]] berkumpul di Kota Meksiko pada tahun 1910 pada perayaan seratus tahun kemerdekaan Meksiko]]
Pada abad ke-19, semakin banyak ahli dari Eropa dan Amerika Serikat yang berupaya meneliti peradaban-peradaban kuno di Meksiko. Humboldt adalah tokoh yang telah memperkenalkan peradaban Meksiko kuno kepada khalayak luas. [[Charles Étienne Brasseur de Bourbourg]] (1814–1874) dari Prancis menegaskan bahwa "ilmu pada zaman ini akhirnya telah meneliti dan merehabilitasi Amerika dan orang-orang Amerika dari sudut pandang sejarah dan arkeologi [yang sebelumnya]. Humboldt…yang telah membangunkan kita dari tidur."{{sfn|Keen|1971|p=336}} [[Jean-Frédéric Waldeck]] yang juga berasal dari Prancis menerbitkan ''Voyage archaelogique et pittoresque dans la Province de Yucatan'' pada tahun 1838. Walaupun tidak terkait langsung dengan Aztek, buku ini membuat para ahli Eropa semakin tertarik dengan peradaban Meksiko kuno. Seorang ningrat asal Inggris yang bernama [[Edward King, Viscount Kingsborough|Lord Kingsborough]] menghabiskan banyak waktu dan tenaga untuk mempelajari peradaban Meksiko kuno. Kingsborough menjawab seruan Humboldt untuk menerbitkan semua kodeks Meksiko yang telah ditemukan. Maka ia menerbitkan hasil reproduksi sebanyak sembilan jilid yang disebut ''[[Antiquities of Mexico]]'' (1831–1846). Karya tersebut dipenuhi dengan banyak gambar, tetapi penerbitannya membuat bangkrut dirinya
Di Amerika Serikat pada awal abad ke-19, interest in ancient Mexico propelled [[John Lloyd Stephens]] to travel to Mexico and then publish well-illustrated accounts in the early 1840s. But the research of a half-blind Bostonian, [[William Hickling Prescott]], into the Spanish conquest of Mexico resulted in his highly popular and deeply researched ''The Conquest of Mexico'' (1843). Although not formally trained as a historian, Prescott drew on the obvious Spanish sources, but also Ixtlilxochitl and Sahagún’s history of the conquest. His resulting work was a mixture of pro- and anti-Aztec attitudes. It was not only a bestseller in English, it also influenced Mexican intellectuals, including the leading conservative politician, [[Lucas Alamán]]. Alamán pushed back against his characterization of the Aztecs. In the assessment of [[Benjamin Keen]], Prescott’s history "has survived attacks from every quarter, and still dominates the conceptions of the laymen, if not the specialist, concerning Aztec civilization."{{sfn|Keen|1971|p=363}} In the later nineteenth century, businessman and historian [[Hubert Howe Bancroft]] oversaw a huge project, employing writers and researchers, to write the history the "Native Races" of North America, including Mexico, California, and Central America. One entire work was devoted to ancient Mexico, half of which concerned the Aztecs. It was a work of synthesis drawing on Ixtlilxochitl and Brasseur de Bourbourg, among others. {{sfn|Cline|1973}}
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When the [[International Congress of Americanists]] was formed in Nancy, France in 1875, Mexican scholars became active participants, and Mexico City has hosted the biennial multidisciplinary meeting six times, starting in 1895. Mexico's ancient civilizations have continued to be the focus of major scholarly investigations by Mexican and international scholars.
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=== Bahasa dan nama tempat ===
[[Berkas:Metro Moctezuma 01.jpg|jmpl|ka|[[Metro Moctezuma]], dengan logo berupa mahkota berbulu ala Aztek]]
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