Nebula planeter: Perbedaan antara revisi

[[Berkas:NGC 6326 by Hubble Space Telescope.jpg|250px|jmpl|NGC 6326, sebuah nebula planeter<ref name="Miszalski2011">{{harvnb|Miszalski|Jones|Rodriguez-Gil|Boffin|2011}}</ref>]]

 

 

Istilah Nebula planeter sebenarnya berawal dari kekeliruan yang dilakukan oleh William Herschel (1784 atau 1785) karena jika dilihat melalui teleskop, objek-objek tersebut terlihat menyerupai awan (nebula) yang mirip dengan penampakan Uranus, planet yang telah ditemukan dengan teleskop oleh Herschel. Nama yang diberikan oleh Herschel ini kemudian diadopsi oleh para astronom dan tidak pernah berubah lagi, walaupun nebula planeter sama sekali tidak ada hubungannya dengan planet di sistem tata surya.<ref name="hubbleSite1997">{{harvnb|Hubblesite.org|1997}}</ref>

| title = Star clusters and how to observe them

| isbn = 978-1-84628-190-7

| year = 2006

| publisher = Birkhäuser

| journal = Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific

| volume = 39

| bibcode = 1927PASP...39..295B

| doi = 10.1086/123745

| volume = 14

| issue = 8

| quote = A planetary nebula (PN) is an expanding ionized circumstellar cloud that was ejected during the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) phase of the stellar progenitor.

| doi = 10.1016/j.newast.2009.03.006

| volume = 154

| issue = 1

| bibcode = 2004ApJS..154..296H

| doi = 10.1086/422820

| journal = Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London

| volume = 154

| bibcode = 1864RSPT..154..437H

| doi=10.1098/rstl.1864.0013

| publisher = Wiley-VCH

| year = 2007

| isbn = 978-3-527-40602-9

}}

| volume = 560

| issue = 1

| title = The Planetary Nebula A39: An Observational Benchmark for Numerical Modeling of Photoionized Plasmas

| year = 2001

| volume = 432

| issue = 1

| doi = 10.1051/0004-6361:20041993

| first1 = S.

| volume = 391

| issue = 1

| doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13899.x

}}

| volume = 38

| issue = 2

}}

* {{citation

| volume = 635

| issue = 1

| doi = 10.1086/499332

| quote = We report the discovery of multiple two-dimensional rings in the quadrupolar planetary nebula NGC 6881. As many as four pairs of rings are seen in the bipolar lobes, and three rings are seen in the central torus. While the rings in the lobes have the same axis as one pair of the bipolar lobes, the inner rings are aligned with the other pair. The two pairs of bipolar lobes are likely to be carved out by two separate high-velocity outflows from the circumstellar material left over from the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) wind. The two-dimensional rings could be the results of dynamical instabilities or the consequence of a fast outflow interacting with remnants of discrete AGB circumstellar shells.

| place = Cambridge

| publisher = Cambridge University Press

| doi = 10.1017/S1743921306003668

| quote = Planetary nebulae (PNs) have high dust content and radiate strongly in the infrared. For young PNs, the dust component accounts for ∼1/3 of the total energy output of the nebulae (Zhang & Kwok 1991). The typical color temperatures of PNs are between 100 and 200 K, and at λ >5 μm, dust begins to dominate over bound-free emission from the ionized component. Although PNs are traditionally discovered through examination of photographic plates or Hα surveys, PNs can also be identified in infrared surveys by searching for red objects with a rising spectrum between 4-10 μm.

| volume = 312

| issue = 3

| doi = 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2000.03167.x

}}

| journal = Revista Mexicana de Astronomía y Astrofísica

| volume = 45

| quote = These objects are produced by low and intermediate mass stars, with main sequence masses roughly between 0.8 and 8 M_⊙, and present a reasonably large age and metallicity spread.

}}

| volume = 119

| issue = 862

| doi = 10.1086/524414

}}

| year = 1996

| publisher = Taylor & Francis

| isbn = 978-2-88124-931-0

| url = http://books.google.com/?id=uRgWHDGpKZIC

| volume = 375

| issue = 1

| doi = 10.1051/0004-6361:20010845

}}

| volume = 117

| issue = 5

| bibcode = 2007JBAA..117R.279M

}}

| publisher = Atlantica Séguier Frontières

| location = Montpellier, France, September 4–7, 1989 IAP astrophysics meeting

| isbn = 978-2-86332-077-8

| editors = Mennessier, M.O.; Omont, Alain

| volume = 373

| issue = 1

| doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10950.x

}}

| volume = 118

| issue = 5

| bibcode = 1999AJ....118.2430R

| doi = 10.1086/301091

| journal = Proceedings of the 131st symposium of the IAU

| editor = S. Torres-Peimbert

}}

* {{citation

| volume = 330

| issue = 2

| doi = 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2002.05105.x

|arxiv = astro-ph/0107554 }}

* {{en}} [http://xstructure.inr.ac.ru/x-bin/theme3.py?level=1&index1=38478 Planetary nebula on arxiv.org]