Hewan: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Further|Daftar hewan}}
Hewan bersifat [[monofiletik]], artinya mereka berasal dari leluhur yang sama dan membentuk [[klad]] tunggal di dalam [[Apoikozoa]]. [[Choanoflagellata]] adalah klad saudaranya.<ref name="Budd2015">{{cite journal |doi=10.1111/brv.12239 |pmid=26588818 |title=The origin of the animals and a 'Savannah' hypothesis for early bilaterian evolution |journal=Biological Reviews |volume=92 |issue=1 |pages=446–473 |year=2017 |last1=Budd |first1=Graham E |last2=Jensen |first2=Sören}}</ref> Hewan yang paling [[Basal (filogenetika)|basal]], [[Porifera]], [[Ctenophora]], Cnidaria, dan Placozoa, memiliki bangun tubuh yang tidak memiliki [[Simetri dalam biologi|simetri bilateral]], tetapi hubungan mereka masih diperdebatkan. Pada 2017, Porifera dianggap sebagai hewan paling basal.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Feuda |first=Roberto |last2=Dohrmann |first2=Martin |last3=Pett |first3=Walker |last4=Philippe |first4=Hervé |last5=Rota-Stabelli |first5=Omar |last6=Lartillot |first6=Nicolas |last7=Wörheide |first7=Gert |last8=Pisani |first8=Davide |title=Improved Modeling of Compositional Heterogeneity Supports Sponges as Sister to All Other Animals |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0960982217314537 |journal=Current Biology |volume=27 |issue=24 |pages=3864 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2017.11.008 |pmid=29199080 |year=2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Pisani |first=Davide |last2=Pett |first2=Walker |last3=Dohrmann |first3=Martin |last4=Feuda |first4=Roberto |last5=Rota-Stabelli |first5=Omar |last6=Philippe |first6=Hervé |last7=Lartillot |first7=Nicolas |last8=Wörheide |first8=Gert |date=15 December 2015 |title=Genomic data do not support comb jellies as the sister group to all other animals |url=http://www.pnas.org/content/112/50/15402 |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=50 |pages=15402–15407 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11215402P |doi=10.1073/pnas.1518127112 |pmc=4687580 |pmid=26621703}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Simion |first=Paul |last2=Philippe |first2=Hervé |last3=Baurain |first3=Denis |last4=Jager |first4=Muriel |last5=Richter |first5=Daniel J. |last6=Franco |first6=Arnaud Di |last7=Roure |first7=Béatrice |last8=Satoh |first8=Nori |last9=Quéinnec |first9=Éric |date=3 April 2017 |title=A Large and Consistent Phylogenomic Dataset Supports Sponges as the Sister Group to All Other Animals |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.02.031 |journal=Current Biology |volume=27 |issue=7 |pages=958–967 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2017.02.031 |pmid=28318975}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Giribet |first=Gonzalo |date=1 October 2016 |title=Genomics and the animal tree of life: conflicts and future prospects |url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/zsc.12215/abstract |journal=Zoologica Scripta |volume=45 |pages=14–21 |doi=10.1111/zsc.12215}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Laumer |first=Christopher E. |last2=Gruber-Vodicka |first2=Harald |last3=Hadfield |first3=Michael G. |last4=Pearse |first4=Vicki B. |last5=Riesgo |first5=Ana |last6=Marioni |first6=John C. |last7=Giribet |first7=Gonzalo |title=Placozoans are eumetazoans related to Cnidaria |url=https://www.biorxiv.org/content/early/2017/10/11/200972 |journal=BioRxiv |pages=200972 |doi=10.1101/200972 |year=2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Eitel |first=Michael |last2=Francis |first2=Warren |last3=Osigus |first3=Hans-Jürgen |last4=Krebs |first4=Stefan |last5=Vargas |first5=Sergio |last6=Blum |first6=Helmut |last7=Williams |first7=Gray Argust |last8=Schierwater |first8=Bernd |last9=Wörheide |first9=Gert |date=2017-10-13 |title=A taxogenomics approach uncovers a new genus in the phylum Placozoa |url=https://www.biorxiv.org/content/early/2017/10/13/202119 |journal=BioRxiv |pages=202119 |doi=10.1101/202119}}</ref>
[[Pohon filogenetik]] (hanya garis keturunan utama) menunjukkan kira-kira berapa juta tahun yang lalu (jtl) garis keturunan terpecah.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Peterson |first=Kevin J. |last2=Cotton |first2=James A. |last3=Gehling |first3=James G. |last4=Pisani |first4=Davide |date=27 April 2008 |title=The Ediacaran emergence of bilaterians: congruence between the genetic and the geological fossil records |url=http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/363/1496/1435 |journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences |volume=363 |issue=1496 |pages=1435–1443 |doi=10.1098/rstb.2007.2233 |pmid=18192191 |pmc=2614224}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Parfrey |first=Laura Wegener |last2=Lahr |first2=Daniel J. G. |last3=Knoll |first3=Andrew H. |last4=Katz |first4=Laura A. |date=16 August 2011 |title=Estimating the timing of early eukaryotic diversification with multigene molecular clocks |url=http://www.pnas.org/content/108/33/13624 |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=108 |issue=33 |pages=13624–13629 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1110633108 |pmid=21810989 |bibcode=2011PNAS..10813624P |pmc=3158185}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Raising the Standard in Fossil Calibration|url=http://fossilcalibrations.org/|website=Fossil Calibration Database|accessdate=3 March 2018}}</ref>
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