Hewan: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
→Lihat pula: Terlalu spesifik, Ternak sudah disebut di artikel |
|||
Baris 346:
{{Main|Hewan dalam budaya}}
Manusia mengeksploitasi sejumlah besar spesies hewan lain untuk makanan, baik dari spesies [[hewan ternak]] yang [[domestikasi|didomestikasi]] dan, terutama di laut, dengan berburu spesies liar.<ref name=FAOFish>{{cite web |url=http://www.fao.org/fishery/ |title=Fisheries and Aquaculture |publisher=FAO |accessdate=8 July 2016}}</ref><ref name=Economist/> Banyak spesies ikan laut [[Penangkapan ikan|ditangkap secara komersial]] untuk makanan. Sejumlah kecil spesies ikan [[Budi daya ikan|diternakkan secara komersial]].<ref name=FAOFish/><ref>{{cite book |last1=Helfman |first1=Gene S. |title=Fish Conservation: A Guide to Understanding and Restoring Global Aquatic Biodiversity and Fishery Resources |date=2007 |publisher=Island Press |isbn=1-59726-760-0 |page=11}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=World Review of Fisheries and Aquaculture |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/016/i2727e/i2727e01.pdf |website=fao.org |publisher=FAO |accessdate=13 August 2015}}</ref> Invertebrata termasuk [[cephalopoda]], [[krustasea]], dan moluska [[bivalvia]] atau [[gastropoda]] diburu atau dibudidayakan untuk dimakan.<ref>{{cite web | title = Shellfish climbs up the popularity ladder | url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-85675992.html | publisher=HighBeam Research | accessdate=8 July 2016}}</ref> Ayam, sapi, domba, babi dan hewan lainnya dibesarkan sebagai hewan ternak di seluruh dunia.<ref name=Economist>{{cite web |title=Graphic detail Charts, maps and infographics. Counting chickens |url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/dailychart/2011/07/global-livestock-counts |publisher=[[The Economist]] |accessdate=23 June 2016 |date=27 July 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Cattle Today |url=http://cattle-today.com/ |title=Breeds of Cattle at CATTLE TODAY |publisher=Cattle-today.com |accessdate=15 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Lukefahr |first1=S.D. |last2=Cheeke |first2=P.R. |title=Rabbit project development strategies in subsistence farming systems |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/U4900T/u4900T0m.htm |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]] |accessdate=23 June 2016}}</ref> Serat hewan seperti wol digunakan untuk membuat tekstil, sedangkan [[tendon]] binatang digunakan sebagai pengikat, dan kulit banyak digunakan untuk membuat sepatu dan barang-barang lainnya. Hewan diburu dan dibudidayakan untuk bulunya untuk membuat barang-barang seperti mantel dan topi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Animals Used for Clothing |url=http://www.peta.org/issues/animals-used-for-clothing/ |publisher=PETA |accessdate=8 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ancient fabrics, high-tech geotextiles |url=http://www.naturalfibres2009.org/en/fibres/ |publisher=Natural Fibres |accessdate=8 July 2016}}</ref> Zat warna termasuk [[carmine]] ([[cochineal]]),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/v8879e/v8879e09.htm |title=Cochineal and Carmine |work=Major colourants and dyestuffs, mainly produced in horticultural systems |publisher=FAO |accessdate=June 16, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fda.gov/ForIndustry/ColorAdditives/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/ucm153038.htm |title=Guidance for Industry: Cochineal Extract and Carmine |publisher=FDA |accessdate=6 July 2016}}</ref> [[shellac]],<ref>{{cite news |title=How Shellac Is Manufactured |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article55073762 |accessdate=17 July 2015 |publisher=The Mail (Adelaide, SA : 1912 – 1954) |date=18 Dec 1937}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Pearnchob, N. |author2=Siepmann, J. |author3=Bodmeier, R. |year=2003 |title=Pharmaceutical applications of shellac: moisture-protective and taste-masking coatings and extended-release matrix tablets |journal=Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy |volume=29 |issue=8 |pages=925–938 |pmid=14570313 |doi=10.1081/ddc-120024188}}</ref> dan [[kermes]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Barber |first=E. J. W. |title=Prehistoric Textiles |year=1991 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=0-691-00224-X |pages=230–231}}</ref><ref name="Munro214">{{cite book |author=Munro, John H. |title=Medieval Woollens: Textiles, Technology, and Organisation |editor=Jenkins, David |year=2003 |work=The Cambridge History of Western Textiles |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=0-521-34107-8 |pages=214–215}}</ref> dibuat dari tubuh serangga. [[Hewan pekerja]] termasuk sapi dan kuda digunakan untuk bekerja dan transportasi dari hari-hari pertama pertanian.<ref name="Pond2004">{{cite book |last=Pond |first=Wilson G. |title=Encyclopedia of Animal Science |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1SQl7Ao3mHoC&pg=PA248 |year=2004 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-0-8247-5496-9 |pages=248–250}}</ref>
Hewan seperti lalat buah ''[[Drosophila melanogaster]]'' berperan besar dalam sains sebagai [[Organisme model|model eksperimental]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Genetics Research |url=http://www.aht.org.uk/cms-display/genetics.html |publisher=Animal Health Trust |accessdate=24 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Drug Development |url=http://www.animalresearch.info/en/drug-development/ |publisher=Animal Research.info |accessdate=24 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Animal Experimentation |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/animals/using/experiments_1.shtml |publisher=BBC |accessdate=8 July 2016}}</ref><ref name="EUstatistics2013">{{cite web |title=EU statistics show decline in animal research numbers |url=http://speakingofresearch.com/2013/12/12/eu-statistics-show-decline-in-animal-research-numbers/ |publisher=Speaking of Research |year=2013 |accessdate=January 24, 2016}}</ref> Hewan telah digunakan untuk membuat [[vaksin]] sejak penemuannya pada abad ke-18.<ref>{{cite web |title=Vaccines and animal cell technology |url=http://www.actip.org/library/vaccines-and-animal-cell-technology/ |publisher=Animal Cell Technology Industrial Platform |accessdate=9 July 2016}}</ref> Beberapa obat seperti obat kanker [[Yondelis]] didasarkan pada [[toksin]] atau molekul lain dari hewan.<ref>{{cite web |title=Medicines by Design |url=https://publications.nigms.nih.gov/medbydesign/chapter3.html |publisher=National Institute of Health |accessdate=9 July 2016}}</ref>
| |||