Putra manusia: Perbedaan antara revisi

[[Berkas:BambergApocalypseFolio003rAngelWith7Candlesticks.JPG|thumb|180px|"Sosok yang seperti putra manusia" dengan sebuah pedang di antara tujuh tiang pelita, dalam [[Wahyu 1|penglihatan Yohanes]], dari [[Apokalipse Bamberg]], abad ke-11.]]

 

 

== Sejarah ==

=== Perjanjian Lama ===

Ungkapan Ibrani "anak manusia" atau "putra manusia" (בן–אדם, ''ben-'adam'') muncul 107 kali dalam [[Alkitab Ibrani]], sebagian besar (93 kali) dalam [[Kitab Yehezkiel]].{{sfn|Bromiley|1995|p=574}}

 

 

===Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha===

While Daniel 7:13 "like a son of man" probably did not stand for the [[Messiah]], where the phrase appears in extant versions of later [[Biblical apocrypha|apocryphal]] and [[Deuterocanonical books|deuterocanonical works]] such as the [[Similitudes of Enoch]] and [[4 Ezra]] gave it this interpretation.{{sfn|Burkett|2002|p=64}} Whether these messianic "Son of Man" references are genuinely Jewish or the result of [[Christian interpolation]] is disputed.<ref>G. Nickelsburg, "Son of Man." in [[Anchor Bible Dictionary]] 6.138.</ref> An example of a disputed section is that of The Similitudes (1 Enoch 37-71) which uses Daniel 7 to produce an unparalleled messianic Son of Man, pre-existent and hidden yet ultimately revealed, functioning as judge, vindicator of righteousness, and universal ruler.{{sfn|Bromiley|1995|p=575}} The Enochic messianic figure is an individual representing a group, (the Righteous One who represents the righteous, the Elect One representing the elect), but in {{Bibleref2|4 Ezra 13}} (also called 2 Esdras) he becomes an individual man.{{sfn|Slater|1999|p=71}}<ref>The Expository Times 1900 - Volume 11 - Page 64 "Again, Schmiedel is quite prepared to admit the possibility that the Son of man passages in Enoch may be Christian interpolation, and so far as ability to deal with this part of the problem depends on a knowledge of Ethiopic (in which language ..."</ref><ref>The Enoch-Metatron Tradition - Page 82 3161485440 Andrei A. Orlov - 2005 "The same interchangeability is observable in the titles "son of man" and "chosen one." Here ... 88 Some scholars believe that these chapters might represent later interpolation(s) and do not '83 G. Nickelsburg, "Son of Man." ABD 6.138."</ref>

 

The New Testament features the indefinite "a son of man" in {{Bibleref2|Hebrews 2:6}} (citing {{Bibleref2|Psalm 8:4}}), and "one like a son of man" in {{Bibleref2|Revelation 1:13, 14:14}} (referencing Daniel 7:13's "one like a son of man").{{sfn|Hurtado|2005|p=293 fn.83}} The four [[gospels]] introduce a new definite form, "ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου", literally "the son of the man." It is an awkward and ambiguous expression in Greek.{{sfn|Bromiley|1995|p=574}} In all four it is used only by Jesus (except once in the [[Gospel of John]], when the crowd asks what Jesus means by it), and functions as an emphatic equivalent of the first-person pronoun, I/me/my.{{sfn|Hurtado|2005|p=290, 292, 293}} German theologian [[Rudolf Bultmann]] sees the phrase not as one genuinely used by Jesus but as one inserted by the early Church.{{sfn|Burkett|2000|p=121,124}} More recently, theologian [[C. F. D. Moule]] argues that the phrase 'the Son of Man', "so far from being a title evolved from current apocalyptic thought by the early Church and put by it onto the lips of Jesus, is among the most important symbols used by Jesus himself to describe his vocation and that of those whom he summoned to be with him."<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Origin of Christology|last=Moule|first=C. F. D.|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1977|isbn=0521212901|location=Cambridge|pages=22}}</ref>

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*{{Language with name and transliteration

| 1 = oar

| 3 = בר אנש

| translit = bar<ref>{{Strong-number|bar|H|1247}}</ref> 'enash<ref>{{Strong-number|'enash|H|0606}}</ref>

*{{Language with name and transliteration

| 1 = oar

| 3 = כבר אנש

| translit = kibar 'anash

*{{Language with name and transliteration

| 1 = grc

| 3 = ὡς υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου

| translit = hos<ref>{{Strong-number|hos|G|5613}}</ref> huiós<ref>{{Strong-number|huiós|G|5207}}</ref> anthrópou<ref>{{Strong-number|anthrópou|G|444}}</ref>

*{{Language with name and transliteration

| 1 = grc

| 3 = ὁ υἱὸς τοὺ ἀνθρώπου

| translit = ho huios tou anthropou

|last = Collins

|first = John J.

|title = Daniel: With an Introduction to Apocalyptic Literature

|year = 1984