Kapadokia: Perbedaan antara revisi

==Geografi dan Iklim ==

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Cappadocia lies in eastern [[Anatolia]], in the center of what is now [[Turkey]]. The relief consists of a high plateau over 1000 m in altitude that is pierced by volcanic peaks, with [[Mount Erciyes]] (ancient Argaeus) near [[Kayseri]] (ancient Caesarea) being the tallest at {{Nowrap|3916 m}}. The boundaries of historical Cappadocia are vague, particularly towards the west. To the south, the Taurus Mountains form the boundary with [[Cilicia]] and separate Cappadocia from the [[Mediterranean Sea]]. To the west, Cappadocia is bounded by the historical regions of Lycaonia to the southwest, and [[Galatia]] to the northwest. The Black Sea coastal ranges separate Cappadocia from [[Pontus]] and the [[Black Sea]], while to the east Cappadocia is bounded by the upper Euphrates, before that river bends to the southeast to flow into [[Mesopotamia]], and the [[Armenian Highland]].<ref name="books.google.com"/> This results in an area approximately {{convert|400|km|mi|-1|abbr=on}} east–west and {{convert|250|km|mi|-1|abbr=on}} north–south. Due to its inland location and high altitude, Cappadocia has a markedly continental climate, with hot dry summers and cold snowy winters.<ref>Van Dam, R. ''Kingdom of Snow: Roman rule and Greek culture in Cappadocia.'' Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2002, p.14. [http://books.google.com/books?id=Iskwzsz51KMC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_v2_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q=&f=false]</ref> Rainfall is sparse and the region is largely semi-arid.

{{see also|Cappadocia (satrapy)|List of rulers of Cappadocia}}

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Kapadokia was known as [[Hittite empire|Hatti]] in the late [[Bronze Age]], and was the homeland of the [[Hittites|Hittite]] power centred at [[Hattusa]]. After the fall of the Hittite Empire, with the decline of the Syro-Cappadocians ([[Mushki]]) after their defeat by the [[Lydia]]n king [[Croesus]] in the 6th century, Kapadokia was ruled by a sort of [[feudal]] aristocracy, dwelling in strong castles and keeping the peasants in a servile condition, which later made them apt for foreign slavery. It was included in the third [[Persian Empire|Persian]] [[satrap]]y in the division established by [[Darius I of Persia|Darius]], but continued to be governed by rulers of its own, none apparently supreme over the whole country and all more or less tributaries of the [[Great King]].

===Kerajaan Kapadokia===

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After bringing the Persian Empire to an end, [[Alexander the Great]] tried to rule the area through one of his military commanders. But Ariarathes, a Persian aristocrat, somehow became king of the Cappadocians. [[Ariarathes I of Cappadocia|Ariarathes&nbsp;I]] (332—322&nbsp;BC) was a successful ruler, and he extended the borders of the Cappadocian Kingdom as far as to the [[Black Sea]]. The kingdom of Cappadocia lived in peace until the death of Alexander. The previous empire was then divided into many parts, and Cappadocia fell to [[Eumenes]]. His claims were made good in 322&nbsp;BC by the regent [[Perdiccas]], who crucified Ariarathes; but in the dissensions which brought about Eumenes's death, the son of Ariarathes recovered his inheritance and left it to a line of successors, who mostly bore the name of the founder of the [[List of Kings of Cappadocia|dynasty]].

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Under [[Ariarathes IV of Cappadocia|Ariarathes&nbsp;IV]], Cappadocia came into relations with [[Roman Republic|Rome]], first as a foe espousing the cause of [[Antiochus III the Great|Antiochus the Great]], then as an ally against [[Perseus of Macedon|Perseus]] of [[Macedon]]. The kings henceforward threw in their lot with the Republic as against the [[Seleucid Empire|Seleucids]], to whom they had been from time to time tributary. [[Ariarathes V of Cappadocia|Ariarathes&nbsp;V]] marched with the Roman [[proconsul]] [[Publius Licinius Crassus Dives Mucianus]] against [[Eumenes III|Aristonicus]], a claimant to the throne of [[Pergamon]], and their forces were annihilated (130&nbsp;BC). The imbroglio which followed his death ultimately led to interference by the rising power of [[Pontus]] and the intrigues and wars which ended in the failure of the dynasty.<ref>The coinage of Cappadocian kings was quite extensive and produced by highest standards of the time. See [http://www.asiaminorcoins.com/gallery/thumbnails.php?album=288 Asia Minor Coins - regal Cappadocian coins]</ref>

 

== Turisme modern ==

 

Daerah ini merupakan tujuan wisata populer, karena mempunyai banyak tempat dengan ciri geologi, sejarah dan budaya unik. Terletak di barat daya kota besar [[Kayseri]], yang dilayani perhubungan udara dan kereta api ke [[Ankara]] dan [[Istanbul]].

 

== Media ==

 

Banyak film dibuat di daerah ini karena topografinya.

In 2010 and early 2011, the film ''[[Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance]]'' also filmed in the Cappadocia region.<ref>http://spiritofvengeance.com/?tag=cappadocia</ref> The star of the film, Nicolas Cage, said he liked the area.<ref>http://www.todayszaman.com/newsDetail_getNewsById.action?newsId=233331</ref>

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== Galeri ==

Medea adalah sebuah film karya Pier Paolo Pasolini berdasarkan riwayat Medea karangan Euripides. Dibuat di Göreme Open Air Museum bagian gereja-gereja Kristen awal, dengan bintang utama seorang penyanyi opera Maria Callas dalam peran film satu-satunya; namun, ia tidak menyanyi dalam film tersebut.

 

 

== Lihat pula ==