|common_languages = [[Rumpuh bahasa TurkTungus]]<ref>Helimski, E (2004). "Die Sprache(n) der Awaren: Die mandschu-tungusische Alternative". Proceedings of the First International Conference on Manchu-Tungus Studies, Vol. II: 59–72</ref>, [[Proto-Slavia]] (<small>''lingua franca''</small>)<ref name=Curta2004>{{Cite journal|last1=Curta|first1=Florin|year=2004|title=The Slavic ''lingua franca'' (Linguistic Notes of an Archeologist Turned Historian)|url=http://www.academia.edu/227792/The_Slavic_lingua_franca_Linguistic_notes_of_an_archaeologist_turned_historian_|format=PDF|journal=East Central Europe/L'Europe du Centre-Est|volume=31|issue=1|pages=132}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ancient.eu/Avars/|title=Avars|publisher=}}</ref>
