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[[File:Isabel de castilla.jpg|thumb|upright|Isabel dalam ''Rimado de la Conquista de Granada'', tahun 1482, oleh Pedro Marcuello]]
Di masa selanjutnya, para bangsawan mulai terlibat perselisihan dengan Enrique dan menuntut agar Pangeran Alfonso ditetapkan sebagai pewarisnya. Mereka bahkan meminta jauh agar Alfonso duduk di takhta. Hal ini menyebabkan mereka harus berhadapan dengan pasukan Enrique dalam Perang Olmedo Kedua pada 1467. Perang berakhir seri dan Enrique setuju untuk menetapkan Alfonso sebagai pewaris takhta bila Alfonso menikahi putrinya, JoannaJuana.<ref>Prescott, William. ''History of the Reign of Ferdinand and Isabella, The Catholic.'' J.B Lippincott & CO., 1860, p. 85–87</ref> Namun sebentar setelah Alfonso ditetapkan sebagai Pangeran Asturias (gelar untuk putra mahkota), Alfonso meninggal pada Juli 1468, kemungkinan karena wabah. Namun para bangsawan pendukungnya menduga bahwa Alfonso diracun. Setelah itu, para bangsawan mengalihkan dukungan mereka pada Isabel. Namun dukungan mereka terus melemah dan Isabel lebih menyukai perundingan untuk melanjutkan perang.<ref>Prescott, William. ''History of the Reign of Ferdinand and Isabella, The Catholic.'' J.B Lippincott & CO., 1860, p. 93–94</ref> Dia bertemu dengan Enrique dan, di Toros de Guisando, mereka mencapai kesepakatan bahwa perang harus berhenti. Enrique menetapkan Isabel sebagai pewarisnya dan Isabel tidak akan menikah tanpa persetujuan Enrique, tetapi Enrique sendiri juga tidak dapat memaksakan kehendak untuk menikahkan Isabel tanpa persetujuannya.<ref name="Plunkett 1915, p. 68">Plunkett,Ierne. ''Isabel of Castile''. The Knickerbocker Press, 1915, p. 68</ref>
==Pernikahan==
====Pengusiran umat Yahudi====
{{main article| Dekret Alhambra Decree|Inkuisisi Spanish InquisitionSpanyol}}
Dengan dilembagakannya Inkuisisi Katolik Roma di Spanyol, dengan seorang [[Dominikan]], [[Tomás de Torquemada]] sebagai jenderal inkuisitor pertama, Fernando dan Isabel mencanangkan kebijakan penyatuan agama dan negara. Pada 31 Maret 1492, [[Dekret Alhambra|Maklumat Alhambra]] yang berisikan perintah pengusiran umat Yahudi diterbitkan.<ref name="Liss 1992. p. 298">Liss,Peggy. "Isabel the Queen," Oxford University Press, 1992. p. 298</ref> Penerima pengakuan dosa Isabel yang lama dan toleran, Hernando de Talavera, diganti dengan Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros yang sangat tidak toleran. Sangat mungkin Cisneros berperan dalam keputusan Isabel ini. Umat Yahudi diberi pilihan untuk menjadi Kristen ataupun meninggalkan Spanyol. Mereka diberi batas waktu sampai akhir Juli dan harus meninggalkan negara tanpa membawa emas, perak, senjata, maupun kuda.<ref name="Liss 1992. p. 298"/>
With the institution of the Roman Catholic Inquisition in Spain, and with the [[Dominican friar]] [[Tomás de Torquemada]] as the first Inquisitor General, the Catholic Monarchs pursued a policy of religious and national unity. Though Isabella opposed taking harsh measures against Jews on economic grounds, Torquemada was able to convince Ferdinand.{{Citation needed|date=April 2013}} On 31 March 1492, the [[Alhambra decree]] for the expulsion of the Jews was issued.<ref name="Liss 1992. p. 298">Liss,Peggy. "Isabel the Queen," Oxford University Press, 1992. p. 298</ref> The Jews had until the end of July, three months, to leave the country and they were not to take with them gold, silver, money, arms, or horses.<ref name="Liss 1992. p. 298"/> Traditionally, it had been claimed that as many as 200,000 Jews left Spain, but recent historians have shown that such figures are exaggerated: [[Henry Kamen]] has shown that out of a total population of 80,000 Jews, a maximum of 40,000 left and the rest converted.<ref>Henry Kamen, The Spanish Inquisition: A Historical Revision. (Yale University Press, 1997. p. 29–31).</ref> Hundreds of those that remained came under the Inquisition's investigations into relapsed ''conversos'' ([[Marranos]]) and the Judaizers who had been abetting them.<ref>Liss,Peggy. "Isabel the Queen," Oxford University Press, 1992. p. 308</ref>
===Tahun-tahun berikutnya===
{{House of Trastámara}}
==== Pengusiran umat Islam ====
Isabella received the title of [[Catholic Monarchs|Catholic Monarch]] by [[Pope Alexander VI]], a pope of whose behaviour and involvement in matters Isabella did not approve. Along with the physical unification of Spain, Isabella and Ferdinand embarked on a process of spiritual unification, trying to bring the country under one faith ([[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholicism]]). As part of this process, the Inquisition became institutionalised. After a Muslim uprising in 1499, and further troubles thereafter, the [[Treaty of Granada]] was broken in 1502, and Muslims were ordered to either become Christians or to leave. Isabella's confessor, [[Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros|Cisneros]], was named Archbishop of [[Toledo, Spain|Toledo]].<ref>Hunt, Jocelyn. ''Spain 1474–1598''. Routledge, 2001, p. 20</ref> He was instrumental in a program of rehabilitation of the religious institutions of Spain, laying the groundwork for the later [[Counter-Reformation]]. As Chancellor, he exerted more and more power.
Bersama Fernando, Isabel menerima gelar "Penguasa Katolik" dari Paus Alexander VI. Selain melakukan penyatuan pribadi Spanyol, Isabel dan Fernando juga meneguhkan penyatuan agama, menyatukan negara dalam satu kepercayaan, yakni [[Gereja Katolik Roma|Katolik Roma]]. Sebagai usaha untuk mewujudkan itu, [[inkuisisi]] dilembagakan. Setelah perlawanan umat Muslim pada 1499 dan beberapa gesekan setelahnya, Perjanjian Granada dibubarkan pada tahun 1502. Umat Muslim diperintahkan untuk masuk Kristen atau meninggalkan semenanjung Iberia. Penerima pengakuan dosa Isabel, Cisneros, diangkat menjadi Uskup Agung Toledo.<ref>Hunt, Jocelyn. ''Spain 1474–1598''. Routledge, 2001, p. 20</ref> Dia berperan penting dalam pemulihan beberapa lembaga keagamaan di Spanyol, dan sebagai penanggung jawab, Cisneros diberikan kekuatan dan kewenangan yang besar.
Selain sibuk dalam memerintah, Isabel juga mengarahkan perhatiannya kepada urusan pewarisan takhta dengan melakukan pernikahan antar dinasti kepada anak-anaknya. Pada awal tahun 1497, semuanya tampak sesuai rencana. Juan, Pangeran Asturias, menikah dengan Margaret dari Austria, meneguhkan hubungan dengan wangsa [[Habsburg]]s. Putri tertuanya, Isabel, menikah dengan [[Manuel I dari Portugal|Manuel I, Raja Portugal]] dan [[Juana dari Kastila|Juana]] menikah dengan pangeran Habsburg yang lain, Felipe (Philipp). Namun pada keberjalanannya, rencana Isabel untuk dua anak tertuanya tidak bekerja. Juan meninggal beberapa saat setelah menikah dan Isabel meninggal saat melahirkan. Sedangkan anak Isabel, Miguel, meninggal pada umur dua tahun. Hal ini menjadikan takhta Ratu Isabel diwariskan kepada putri keduanya beserta suaminya, Juana dan Felipe.<ref>Edwards,John. ''The Spain of the Catholic Monarchs 1474–1520''. Blackwell Publishers Inc, 2000, p. 241–260</ref>
Isabella and her husband had created an [[Spanish Empire|empire]] and in later years were consumed with administration and politics; they were concerned with the succession and worked to link the Spanish crown to the other rulers in Europe. By early 1497, all the pieces seemed to be in place: [[John, Prince of Asturias]], married [[Archduchess Margaret of Austria]], establishing the connection to the [[Habsburg]]s. The eldest daughter, [[Isabella, Princess of Asturias (1470–1498)|Isabella]], married [[Manuel I of Portugal]], and [[Joanna of Castile|Joanna]] was married to another Habsburg prince, [[Philip I of Castile|Philip of Burgundy]].
Meskipun begitu, rencana pernikahan antar dinasti yang Isabel canangkan untuk tiga putri termudanya cukup berhasil. Setelah wafatnya Isabel, anak kedua Ratu Isabel, Manuel menikah dengan saudari mendiang istrinya, Maria. Catalina menikah dengan Arthur, Pangeran Wales. Namun Arthur meninggal tak lama setelah pernikahan mereka, dan Catalina kemudian menikah dengan adik iparnya saat telah menjadi Raja Inggris, [[Henry VIII dari Inggris|Henry VIII]]. Di Inggris, Catalina dikenal dengan Katherine.
However, Isabella's plans for her two eldest children did not work out. John died shortly after his marriage. [[Isabella, Princess of Asturias (1470–1498)|Isabella, Princess of Asturias]], died in childbirth and her son [[Miguel da Paz, Prince of Asturias|Miguel]] died at the age of two. Queen Isabella I's crowns passed to her daughter, [[Joanna of Castile]], and her son-in-law, [[Philip I of Castile|Philip of Habsburg]].<ref>Edwards,John. ''The Spain of the Catholic Monarchs 1474–1520''. Blackwell Publishers Inc, 2000, p. 241–260</ref>
Isabel secara resmi mundur dari urusan pemerintahan pada 14 September 1504 dan mangkat pada tanggal 26 November di tahun yang sama di Medina del Campo, tetapi dikatakan bahwa keadaannya semakin menurun setelah kematian putranya, Juan, pada 1497.<ref>Edwards,John. ''The Spain of the Catholic Monarchs 1474–1520''. Blackwell Publishers Inc, 2000, p. 282</ref> Dia dimakamkan di [[Capilla Real]] (Kapel Istana), [[Granada]]<nowiki/>yang dibangun oleh cucunya, Carlos I.
Isabella did, however, make successful dynastic matches for her three youngest daughters. The death of Isabella, Princess of Asturias, created a necessity for Manuel I of Portugal to remarry and Isabella's third child, Maria, became his next bride. Isabella's youngest daughter, Catherine, married England's Arthur, Prince of Wales, but his early death resulted in her being married to his younger brother, Henry VIII of England.
Isabella officially withdrew from governmental affairs on 14 September 1504 and she died that same year on 26 November in [[Medina del Campo]], but it is said that she had truly been in decline since the death of her son Prince John in 1497.<ref>Edwards,John. ''The Spain of the Catholic Monarchs 1474–1520''. Blackwell Publishers Inc, 2000, p. 282</ref> She is entombed in [[Granada]] in the [[Capilla Real de Granada|Capilla Real]], which was built by her grandson, [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor]] (Carlos I of Spain), alongside her husband Ferdinand, her daughter Joanna and Joanna's husband Philip; and Isabella's 2-year-old grandson, Miguel (the son of Isabella's daughter, also named Isabella, and King Manuel I of Portugal). The museum next to the Capilla Real holds her [[Crown (headgear)|crown]] and [[scepter]].
== Lihat pula ==
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