United Fruit Company: Perbedaan antara revisi

'''United Fruit Company''' adalah perusahaan [[Amerika Serikat]] yang memperdagangkan buah tropis, khususnya pisang, yang ditanam di Amerika Tengah dan Selatan, lalu dijual di Amerika Serikat dan Eropa. Perusahaan ini didirikan tahun 1899 melalui merger perdagangan pisang [[Minor C. Keith]] dan [[Boston Fruit Company]] milik [[Andrew W. Preston]]. Perusahaan ini mengalami masa-masa kejayaannya pada awal sampai pertengahan abad ke-20. Perusahaan ini menguasai banyak wilayah dan jaringan transportasi di Amerika Tengah, pesisir [[Kolombia]] yang berbatasan dengan [[Laut Karibia|Karibia]], [[Ekuador]], dan [[Karibia|Hindia Barat]]. Walaupun United Fruit bersaing dengan [[Standard Fruit Company]] (kelak bernamaDole Food Company) memperebutkan dominasi perdagangan pisang internasional, perusahaan ini memegang monopoli virtual di sejumlah kawasan, beberapa di antaranya disebut [[republik pisang]], seperti Costa Rica, Honduras, dan Guatemala.<ref name="Frederick Douglass Opie 2009">{{cite book |last=Opie |first=Frederick Douglass |date=July 2009 |title=Black Labor Migration in Caribbean Guatemala, 1882–1923 |series=Florida Work in the Americas |location= |publisher=[[University of Florida Press]] }}</ref>

 

Kehadiran United Fruit memberi dampak ekonomi dan politik yang sangat mendalam terhadap negara-negara Amerika Latin. Perusahaan ini dikritik karena melakukan [[neokolonialisme]] eksploitatif. Para kritikus juga menjadikan United Fruit sebagai contoh pengaruh [[perusahaan multinasional]] terhadap urusan dalam negeri sebuah republik pisang. Setelah mengalami kemerosotan finansial, United Fruit bergabung dengan AMK milik [[Eli M. Black]] tahun 1970 dan menjadi '''United Brands Company'''. Pada tahun 1984, [[Carl Lindner, Jr.]] mengubah United Brands menjadi [[Chiquita Brands International]] yang terus beroperasi sampai sekarang.

 

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* [http://www.unitedfruit.org United Fruit Historical Society]

* [http://www.library.hbs.edu/hc/pc/large/united-fruit.html United Fruit Company Photograph Collection, 1891–1962]

* [http://chiquitacorruption.blogspot.com Chiquita Banana Protest] Information on the company's corruption

* [http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HBS.Baker.EAD:bak00103 United Fruit Company Photograph Collection at Baker Library Historical Collections, Harvard Business School]

* [http://digital.lib.usf.edu/?u29.105-u26-ead United Fruit Company Photographs] at the [http://lib.usf.edu University of South Florida]

* [https://books.google.ca/books?id=2EsEAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PP1&pg=PA83#v=onepage&q&f=false LIFE Magazine article, Feb. 19, 1951]