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Baris 1: [[~~Image~~Berkas:Manuel II - half stavraton - sb2551.jpg\|thumb\|300px\|Half stavraton coin by Manuel. On the reverse, Manuel's bust.]] [[~~Image~~Berkas:Byzantium1400.png\|thumb\|300px\|right\|The Byzantine Empire in 1403.]] '''Manuel II Palaiologos''' atau '''Palaeologus''' ([[Bahasa Yunani]]: Μανουήλ Β΄ Παλαιολόγος, ''Manouēl II Palaiologos'') ([[27 Juni]] [[1350]] ~~–~~– [[21 Juli]] [[1425]]) adalah [[Kaisar Byzantine]] dari [[1391]] sampai [[1425]]. == Kehidupan == Manuel II Palaiologos adalah anak kedua dari Kaisar [[John V Palaiologos]] (~~1341–1376~~1341–1376, ~~1379–1390~~1379–1390, ~~1390–1391~~1390–1391) dan (istrinya) Helena Kantakouzena. Kakek-nenek maternalnya adalah Kaisar [[John VI Kantakouzenos]] (~~1347–1354~~1347–1354) dan Eirene Asanina. <!-- Created ''[[despot\|despotēs]]'' by his father, the future Manuel II traveled west to seek support for the [[Byzantine Empire]] in [[1365]] and in [[1370]], serving as governor in [[Thessalonica]] from [[1369]]. The failed attempt at usurpation by his older brother [[Andronikos IV Palaiologos]] in [[1373]] led to Manuel being proclaimed heir and co-emperor of his father. In [[1376]]~~–~~–[[1379]] and again in [[1390]] they were supplanted by Andronikos IV and then his son John VII, but Manuel personally defeated his nephew with help from the [[Republic of Venice]] in 1390. Although John V had been restored, Manuel was forced to go as an honorary hostage to the court of the [[Ottoman Dynasty\|Ottoman Sultan]] [[Bayezid I]] at Prousa ([[Bursa, Turkey\|Bursa]]). During his stay, Manuel was forced to participate in the Ottoman campaign that reduced Philadelpheia, the last Byzantine enclave in [[Anatolia]]. Hearing of his father's death in February [[1391]], Manuel II Palaiologos fled the Ottoman court and secured the capital against any potential claim by his nephew John VII. Although relations with John VII improved, the Ottoman Sultan Bayezid I besieged [[Constantinople]] from [[1394]] to [[1402]]. After some five years of siege, Manuel II entrusted the city to his nephew and embarked on a long trip to western courts (including those of the [[Kingdom of England]], [[France]], the [[Holy Roman Empire]], and [[Aragon]]) to seek assistance against the [[Ottoman Empire]]. Baris 17: Manuel II Palaiologos used this period of respite to bolster the defenses of the [[Despotate of Morea]], where the Byzantine Empire was actually expanding at the expense of the remnants of the [[Latin Empire]]. Here Manuel supervised the building of the ''Hexamilion'' wall across the [[Isthmus of Corinth]], intended to defend the [[Peloponnese]] from the Ottomans. Manuel II stood on friendly terms with the victor in the Ottoman civil war, [[Mehmed I]] (~~1402–1421~~1402–1421), but his attempts to meddle in the next contested succession led to a new assault on Constantinople by [[Murad II]] (~~1421–1451~~1421–1451) in [[1422]]. During the last years of his life, Manuel II relinquished most official duties to his son and heir [[John VIII Palaiologos]], and in [[1424]] they were forced to sign a peace treaty with the Ottoman Turks, whereby the Byzantine Empire undertook to pay tribute to the sultan. Manuel II died on [[21 July]] [[1425]]. Manuel II was the author of numerous works of varied character, including letters, poems, a Saints's Life, treatises on [[theology]] and [[rhetoric]], and an epitaph for his brother [[Theodore I Palaiologos]]. Baris 41: pendahulu=[[John V Palaiologos\|John V]] \| jabatan=[[Kaisar Byzantine]] \| tahun=[[1391]]~~–~~–[[1425]] \| pengganti=[[John VIII Palaiologos\|John VIII]] }} {{kotak akhir}} [[~~Category~~Kategori:Kaisar Byzantine]] [[~~Category~~Kategori:Dinasti Palaeologus]] [[~~Category~~Kategori:Kelahiran 1350]] [[~~Category~~Kategori:Kematian 1425]] [[bg:Мануил II Палеолог]]

Manouel II Palaiologos: Perbedaan antara revisi