Transgender: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 108:
== Di dalam kebudayaan ==
=== Asia-Pasifik ===
[[File:Nongthoomfairtex.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Nong Tum]], seorang ''[[
Istilah ''[[kathoey]]'' di [[Thailand]] dan [[Laos]]<ref name="Laos1">{{cite web|last=Doussantousse |first=S. |year=2005 |quote=...The Lao Kathoey's characteristics appear to be similar to other transgenders in the region... |url=http://web.hku.hk/~sjwinter/TransgenderASIA/paper_doussantousse.htm |title=Male Sexual Health: Kathoeys in the Lao PDR, South East Asia – Exploring a gender minority |website=Transgender ASIA Research Centre |accesdate=22 Juli 2007}}</ref> digunakan untuk menyebut orang transgender laki-laki ke perempuan<ref name="Thailand1">{{cite journal|last=Jackson |first=P. |year=2003 |url=http://wwwsshe.murdoch.edu.au/intersections/issue9/jackson.html |title=Performative Genders, Perverse Desires: A Bio-History of Thailand's Same-Sex and Transgender Cultures |journal=Intersections: Gender, History and Culture in the Asian Context |
=== Eropa dan Timur Tengah ===
[[Galli|Gallae]] di masa [[Romawi Kuno]] adalah para pengikut Dewi [[Frigia]], [[Cybele]], yang [[kastrasi|mengkastrasi]] diri mereka<ref name="acybelealtarinlondon">{{cite journal |title=A Cybele Altar in London |last=Tillyard |first=E. M. W. |journal=[[The Journal of Roman Studies]] |publisher=[[Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies]] |issn=0075-4358 |volume=7 |year=1917 |pages=284–8 |doi=10.2307/295591 |jstor=295591 |via=[[JSTOR]] |registration=y}}</ref> dan memenuhi pengertian orang transgender yang ada kini.<ref name="galliancientromanpriests">{{cite web|last=Endres |first=N. |url=http://www.glbtqarchive.com/ssh/galli_S.pdf |title=Galli: Ancient Roman Priests |website=glbtq
[[Kodeks Hammurabi]] menyebutkan orang-orang ''sal-zikrum'' di antara kasta pendeta di masa [[Kekaisaran Akkadia]]. Di beberapa pasal, mereka diperlakukan sebagai wanita sementara di beberapa pasal lain mereka diperlakukan sebagai pria. Tidak dapat diketahui secara pasti apakah para ''sal-zikrum'' merupakan pendeta wanita yang juga mengambil peran pria dalam kaitan perannya sebagai pendeta, atau pendeta pria yang berpakaian wanita dan memiliki peran wanita. Kata ''sal-zikrum'' itu sendiri merupakan gabungan dari imbuhan [[bahasa Sumeria]] ''sal'' (''perempuan'') dan kata [[bahasa Akkadia]] ''zikrum'' (''laki-laki'').<ref>{{cite journal|first=G. R. |last=Driver |first2=J. C. |last2=Miles |title=The SAL-ZIKRUM 'Woman-Man' in Old-Babylonian Texts |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4241640 |journal=[http://www.bisi.ac.uk/content/iraq-bisi-journal Iraq] |publisher=[[British Institute for the Study of Iraq]] |volume=6 |issue=1 |year=1939 |pages=66-70
=== Amerika ===
Banyak kebudayaan [[Pribumi Amerika]] yang mengenal lebih dari dua gender.<ref name="theamerindianmanWoman">{{cite journal|title=The Amerindian "Man-Woman": Gender, Liminality, and Cultural Continuity |last1=Fulton |first1=R. |last2=Anderson |first2=S. W. |journal=[[Current Anthropology]] |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |issn=1537-5382 |volume=33 |issue=5 |year=1992 |pages=603–10 |doi=10.1086/204124 |jstor=2743927 |via=[[JSTOR]] |registration=y}}</ref> Beberapa contoh di antaranya adalah ''Ła'mana'' di Suku [[Zuni|Zuñi]],<ref name="thezunilhamana">{{cite journal |title=The Zuñi Ła'mana |last=Parsons |first=E. C. |journal=[[American Anthropologist]] |publisher=[[American Anthropological Association]] |issn=1548-1433 |volume=18 |issue=4 |year=1916 |pages=521–528 |doi=10.1525/aa.1916.18.4.02a00060 |jstor=660121 |via=[[JSTOR]] |registration=y |quote=Of these 'men-women' ....}}</ref> ''[[winkte]]'' di kebudayaan [[orang Lakota|Lakota]],<ref name="winyanktehca">{{cite conference|last=Schützer |first=M. A. N. |url=http://www.gender.org.uk/conf/trilogy/winkte.htm |title=Winyanktehca: Two-souls person |conference=European Network of Professionals in Transsexualism |date=Agustus 1994}}</ref> serta ''alyhaa'' dan ''hwamee'' di kebudayaan [[orang Mohave]].<ref name="straightmyth">{{cite journal|last=Parker |first=H. N. |year=2001 |url=http://muse.jhu.edu/article/2663 |title=The Myth of the Heterosexual: Anthropology and Sexuality for Classicists |journal=Arethusa |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=313-362 |doi=10.1353/are.2001.0016}}</ref> Secara umum, mereka disebut ''berdache''<ref name="berdacheglbtq">{{cite web|last=Stryker |first=S. |year=2004 |url=http://www.glbtqarchive.com/ssh/berdache_S.pdf |title=Berdache |website=glbtq Project |accessdate=2 Feruari 2017}}</ref> atau ''[[Dua Roh|Two-Spirit]]'' (''Dua Roh'').<ref name="MedicineB">{{cite journal |last=Medicine |first=B. |year=2002 |url=http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/orpc/vol3/iss1/2/ |title=Directions in Gender Research in American Indian Societies: Two Spirits and Other Categories |journal=Online Readings in Psychology and Culture |volume=3 |issue=1 |doi=10.9707/2307-0919.1024}}</ref> Kebudayaan [[Orang Zapotek|Zapotek]] memiliki gender ketiga yang disebut ''[[muxe]]''.<ref name="StephenL">{{cite journal |title=Sexualities and Genders in Zapotec Oaxaca |last=Stephen |first=L. |journal=[[Latin American Perspectives]] |publisher=[[Sage Publications]] |issn=0094-582X |volume=29 |issue=2 |year=2002 |pages=41–59 |doi=10.1177/0094582x0202900203 |jstor=3185126 |via=[[JSTOR]] |registration=y}}</ref>
== Lambang ''pride'' ==
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