Kösem Sultan: Perbedaan antara revisi

'''Kösem Sultan''' ({{IPA-tr|cøˈsem sulˈtan}}) (nama lengkap ''Devletlu İsmetlu Haseki Mahpeyker Kösem Buyuk Valide Sultan Aliyyetü'ş-Şân Hazretleri''; ''{{circa}}'' 1590 – 2 September 1651) – juga dikenal sebagai '''Mahpeyker Sultan'''<ref name="Douglas Arthur Howard p 195"/> ({{IPA-tr|mahpejˈkeɾ sulˈtan}}) – adalah salah satu wanita paling berkuasa dalam [[sejarah Utsmaniyah]].<ref name="Douglas Arthur Howard p 195">Douglas Arthur Howard, The official History of Turkey, Greenwood Press, isbn= 0-313-30708-3, p. 195</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Bator, Robert, – Rothero, Chris|title=Daily Life in Ancient and Modern Istanbul|publisher=Twenty-First Century Books|year= 2000|page= 42|isbn= 0-8225-3217-4|quote=When such a son became sultan, his slave mother would become the most powerful woman in the Ottoman Empire. The Macedonian slave Kösem earned this distinction}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Akbar, M. J.|title=The Shade of Swords: Jihad and the Conflict Between Islam and Christianity|publisher=Routledge|year=2002|page=89|isbn=0-415-28470-8|quote=His mother, Valide Kosem, said to be the most powerful woman in the history of the dynasty, ruled in his name.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Westheimer, Ruth Karola, – Kaplan, Steven|title= Power|publisher=Madison Books|location= University of Virginia|year= 2001|page=19|isbn=1-56833-230-0|quote= Maypeyker Sultan, better known as Kösem Sultan, is remembered by the Turks as the most powerful woman of her time }}</ref> Sebagai permaisuri kesayangan dan istri sah dari [[Sultan Utsmaniyah]] [[Ahmed I]] (r. 1603–1617), ia meraih kekuasaan dan mempengaruhi politik [[Kekaisaran Utsmaniyah]] melalui suaminya, kemudian melalui putra-putranya [[Murad IV]] (r. 1623–1640) dan [[Ibrahim dari Kekaisaran Utsmaniyah|Ibrahim]] (r. 1640–1648), dan terakhir melalui cucu minornya [[Mehmed IV]] (r. 1648–1687). Ia menjadi [[Valide Sultan]]<ref name="Douglas Arthur Howard p 195"/> ketika putra-putranya Murad IV dan Ibrahim menjabat sebagai sultan Utsmaniyah. Ia merupaka figur berpengaruh pada masa [[Kesultanan Wanita]]. Setelah kematiannya, ia dikenal dengan nama "Valide-i Maktule" (ibu yang terbunuh), dan "Valide-i Șehide" (ibu yang menjadi martir).<ref>{{cite book|author=Necdet Sakaoğlu|title=Famous Ottoman women|year=2007|publisher=Avea|page=129|isbn=}}</ref>

 

{{double image|right|Murad IV by John Young.jpg|145|Ibrahim by John Young.jpg|110|Putra-putra Kösem Sultan yang menjadi Sultan [[Kekaisaran Utsmaniyah]]. Kiri: [[Murad IV]] (ca. 1612–1640) Kanan: [[Ibrahim dari Kekaisaran Utsmaniyah|Ibrahim]] (ca. 1615–1648)}}

 

Kösem berasal dari [[Yunani]],<ref>{{cite book|author=al-Ayvansarayî, Hafiz Hüseyin ; Crane, Howard|title= The garden of the mosques : Hafiz Hüseyin al-Ayvansarayî's guide to the Muslim monuments of Ottoman Istanbul|publisher=Brill|year= 2000|page= 21|isbn= 90-04-11242-1|quote= Kosem Valide Mahpeyker, known also simply as Kosem Sultan (c. 1589–1651), consort of Sultan Ahmed I and mother of Murad IV and Ibrahim I. Greek by birth, she exercised a decisive influence in the Ottoman state}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9046105/Kosem-Sultan |title=Kosem Sultan (Ottoman sultana) – Britannica Online Encyclopedia |publisher=Britannica.com |accessdate=11 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Gibb, Sir Hamilton Alexander Rosskeen|title= The Encyclopaedia of Islam|publisher=Brill|year= 1954|page= 597|isbn= 90-04-07026-5|quote= Kosem [qv] Mahpeyker, a woman of Greek origin (Anastasia, 1585–1651) }}</ref><ref name="Davis, Fanny 1970 227–228">{{cite book|author=Davis, Fanny|title= The Palace of Topkapi in Istanbul|publisher=Scribner|year= 1970|pages=227–228|oclc=636864790|quote= Kosem was said to have been the daughter of a Greek priest of one of the Aegean islands, probably captured during one of the Ottoman-Venetian maritime campaigns. Her name was Anastasia but was changed after her conversion, no doubt on her admission to the palace, to Mâh-Peyker (Moon-Shaped), and later by Sultan Ahmet to Kosem }}</ref> sebagai putri dari seorang pendeta di pulau [[Tinos]].<ref name="Hogan, Christine 2006 74">{{cite book|author=Hogan, Christine|title= The Veiled Lands: A Woman's Journey Into the Heart of the Islamic World|publisher=Macmillan Publishers Aus|year= 2006|page=74|isbn= <!--1-4050-3701-6, -->9781405037013|quote= }}</ref><ref name="Freely, John 1996 215">{{cite book|author=Freely, John|title= Istanbul: the imperial city|publisher=Viking|year= 1996|page= 215|isbn= 0-14-024461-1|quote= Then around 1608 Ahmet found a new favourite, a Greek girl named Anastasia, who had been captured on the island of Tinos and sent as a slave to the Harem, where she took the name of Kosem }}</ref> Nama maiden-nya adalah [[Anastasia]].<ref name="Sonyel, Salâhi Ramadan 1993 61">{{cite book|author=Sonyel, Salâhi Ramadan|title= Minorities and the destruction of the Ottoman Empire|publisher=Turkish Historical Society Printing House|year= 1993|page= 61|isbn= 975-16-0544-X|quote= Many of the women of the harem were non-Muslim, for example Kösem Sultan was born in 1590 as Anastasia. The Governor of Bosnia had sent her to the Sultan. She was the wife of Ahmet I (1603–17), and the mother of Murat IV (1623–40), and of Ibrahim I (1640–8)}}</ref> Ia dijadikan budak di [[Sanjak Bosnia|Bosnia Utsmaniyah]] oleh beylerbey Bosnia,<ref name="Amila Buturović, İrvin Cemil Schick 2007 23">{{cite book|author=Amila Buturović, İrvin Cemil Schick|title=Women in the Ottoman Balkans: gender, culture and history|publisher=I.B.Tauris|year= 2007|page=23|isbn=1-84511-505-8|quote=Kösem, who was of Greek origin. Orphaned very young, she found herself at the age of fifteen in the harem of Sultan Ahmed I.}}</ref><ref name="Freely, John 1996 215"/> dan dikirim ke [[Konstantinopel]], ibukota Utsmaniyah, pada usia lima belas tahun, ke [[harem]] Sultan Ahmed I setelah membatalkan pendidikannya di Konstantinopel. Setelah ia pindah ke [[Islam]], namanya diubah menjadi ''Mahpeyker'' (Bulan Terbentuk), dan kemudian oleh Sultan Ahmed I menjadi ''Kösem''.<ref name="Davis, Fanny 1970 227–228"/> Ia dipindahkan ke istana lama saat kematian Sultan Ahmed pada 1617, namun dikembalikan sebagai [[Valide Sultan]], ketika putranya [[Murad IV]] naik tahta pada 1623.

 

* Burnaz Atike Sultan (akhir 1614 – 1674).

 

* ''Mahpeyker: Kösem Sultan'' (2010), yang disutradarai oleh [[Tarkan Özel]], ditulis oleh [[Avni Özgürel]]. (dalam bahasa Turki)<ref>[[Hurriyet Daily News]], 14 September 2010, [http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkish-screenwriter-tells-ottoman-history-through-one-womans-life.aspx?pageID=438&n=0903103745018-2010-09-03 Turkish screenwriter tells Ottoman history through one woman's life]</ref><ref>IMDB, [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1754166/ Mahpeyker - Kösem Sultan]</ref>

* Tims Production memproduksi sebuah serial drama setelah ''[[Muhteşem Yüzyıl]]'' yang berjudul ''[[Muhteşem Yüzyıl: Kösem]]'', yang dibintangi oleh [[Anastasia Tsilimpiou]] (sebagai Kösem muda) dan [[Beren Saat]] (sebagai Kösem dewasa). Acara tersebut dimulai pada 12 November 2015.

 

 

 

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