Kemacetan: Perbedaan antara revisi

* Adanya kendaraan ngetem sembarangan,

* Adanya pedagang asongan,

* Terjadi [[kebakaran]] di pemukiman kumuh, seperti di wilayah [[Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta]], [[Kota Depok|Depok]], [[Kota Bogor|Bogor]], [[Kota Bekasi|Bekasi]], Bandung di Jawa Barat, Surabaya, Malang di Jawa Timur, Semarang di Jawa Tengah, Makassar (dulu Ujung Pandang, sebagai nama berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah RI nomor : 86/[[1999]]) di Sulawesi Selatan, dan Medan di Sumatera Utara

* Kemacetan lalu lintas yang disebabkan kepanikan seperti kalau terjadi isyarat sirene tsunami.

* [http://www.springer.com/engineering/mechanical+eng/book/978-3-642-02604-1 B.S. Kerner, ''Introduction to Modern Traffic Flow Theory and Control: The Long Road to Three-Phase Traffic Theory'', Springer, Berlin, New York 2009]

* [http://www.springer.com/physics/complexity/book/978-3-540-20716-0 B.S. Kerner, ''The Physics of Traffic'', Springer, Berlin, New York 2004]

* K. Nagel and M. Schreckenberg. A Cellular Automaton Model for Freeway Traffic. ''Journal de Physique I'', 2:2221–2229, December 1992.

* K. Nagel. ''High-speed Microsimulations of Traffic Flow''. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln, 1994. [http://www.zaik.uni-koeln.de/~paper/unzip.html?file=zpr95-183.ps]

* R. Wiedemann, Simulation des Straßenverkehrsflusses. ''Schriftenreihe des IfV'', 8, 1974. Institut für Verkehrswesen. Universität Karlsruhe. (In German language).

 

{{Commons|Traffic jam}}

* [http://www.ite.org Institute of Transportation Engineers]

* [http://www.life.com/gallery/47681/big-traffic-jams-a-photo-tour#index/0 Big Traffic Jams: A Photo Tour] — slideshow by ''[[Life magazine]]''

* [http://www.davesgonemental.com/anatomy-of-a-traffic-jam/ Anatomy of a traffic jam] (entry explaining a type of traffic jam from a private blog)<!-- dead as of 2007-08-13 - please delete after a week if not up again -->

 

[[Kategori:Lalu lintas]]