Kehendak bebas: Perbedaan antara revisi
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'''Kehendak bebas''' ({{lang-en|free will}}), atau '''kemauan bebas''', adalah kemampuan untuk [[pilihan|memilih]] di antara berbagai rencana [[tindakan (filsafat)|tindakan]] berbeda yang memungkinkan. Hal ini terkait erat dengan konsep [[tanggung jawab moril|tanggung jawab]], [[pujian]], [[kesalahan]], [[dosa]], dan penilaian-penilaian lain yang hanya berlaku pada tindakan-tindakan yang dipilih secara bebas. Selain itu juga berhubungan dengan konsep [[nasihat]], [[persuasi]], [[pertimbangan]], dan larangan. Biasanya hanya tindakan-tindakan yang dikehendaki secara bebas yang dipandang layak untuk dibenarkan atau dipersalahkan. Terdapat banyak kekhawatiran berbeda terkait ancaman-ancaman terhadap kemungkinan adanya kehendak bebas, bervariasi berdasarkan bagaimana sebenarnya pemahaman akan hal ini, yang terkadang menjadi bahan perdebatan.
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;Bibliografi
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# Hawking, Stephen, and Mlodinow, Leonard, ''The Grand Design'', New York, Bantam Books, 2010.
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;Bacaan lanjutan
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# Bischof, Michael H. (2004). ''Kann ein Konzept der Willensfreiheit auf das Prinzip der alternativen Möglichkeiten verzichten? Harry G. Frankfurts Kritik am Prinzip der alternativen Möglichkeiten (PAP).'' In: Zeitschrift für philosophische Forschung (ZphF), Heft 4.
# [[Daniel Dennett|Dennett, Daniel C.]] (2003). ''[[Freedom Evolves]]''. New York: Viking Press ISBN 0-670-03186-0
# [[Joshua M. Epstein|Epstein J. M.]] (1999). ''Agent Based Models and Generative Social Science.'' Complexity, IV (5).
# Gazzaniga, M. & Steven, M. S. (2004) Free Will in the 21st Century: A Discussion of Neuroscience and Law, in Garland, B. (ed.) ''Neuroscience and the Law: Brain, Mind and the Scales of Justice'', New York: Dana Press, ISBN 1-932594-04-3, pp51–70.
# {{cite journal | last1 = Goodenough | first1 = O. R. | year = 2004 | title = Responsibility and punishment | url = | journal = Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B | volume = 359 | issue = 1451| pages = 1805–1809 | doi = 10.1098/rstb.2004.1548 }}
# [[Stevan Harnad|Harnad, Stevan]] (2009) [http://www.google.com/search?q=harnad+%22explanatory+gap%22+site:http:%2F%2Fphilpapers.org%2F&hl=en&num=10&lr=&ft=i&cr=&safe=images The Explanatory Gap] #''[http://philpapers.org/ PhilPapers]''
# {{cite journal | last1 = Harnad | first1 = Stevan | year = 2001 | title = No Easy Way Out | url = http://cogprints.org/1624/ | journal = The Sciences | volume = 41 | issue = 2| pages = 36–42 }}
# {{cite journal | last1 = Harnad | first1 = Stevan | year = 1982 | title = Consciousness: An Afterthought | url = http://cogprints.org/1570/ | journal = Cognition and Brain Theory | volume = 5 | issue = | pages = 29–47 }}
# [[Sam Harris (author)|Harris, Sam]]. 2012. ''Free Will''. Free Press. ISBN 978-
# [[Douglas Hofstadter|Hofstadter, Douglas]]. (2007) ''I Am A Strange Loop.'' Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-03078-1
# Kane, Robert (1998). ''The Significance of Free Will.'' New York: Oxford University Press ISBN 0-19-512656-4
# Lawhead, William F. (2005). ''The Philosophical Journey: An Interactive Approach.'' McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages ISBN 0-07-296355-7.
# Libet, Benjamin; Anthony Freeman; and Keith Sutherland, eds. (1999). ''The Volitional Brain: Towards a Neuroscience of Free Will''. Exeter, UK: Imprint Academic. Collected essays by scientists and philosophers.
# Morris, Tom ''Philosophy for Dummies.'' IDG Books ISBN 0-7645-5153-1.
# Muhm, Myriam (2004). Abolito il libero arbitrio — Colloquio con Wolf Singer. ''L'Espresso'' 19.08.2004 [http://www.larchivio.org/xoom/myriam-singer.htm larchivio.org]
# [[Andrzej Nowak (psychologist)|Nowak A.]], Vallacher R. R., Tesser A., Borkowski W. (2000). Society of Self: The emergence of collective properties in self-structure. ''Psychological Review.'' 107
# [[Arthur Schopenhauer|Schopenhauer, Arthur]] (1839). ''[[On the Freedom of the Will]].'', Oxford: Basil Blackwell ISBN 0-631-14552-4.
# Van Inwagen, Peter (1986). ''An Essay on Free Will.'' New York: Oxford University Press ISBN 0-19-824924-1.
# Velmans, Max (2003) ''How Could Conscious Experiences Affect Brains?'' Exeter: Imprint Academic ISBN 0-907845-39-8.
# [[Dick Swaab]], Wij Zijn Ons Brein, Publishing Centre, 2010. ISBN
# Wegner, D. (2002). ''The Illusion of Conscious Will.'' Cambridge: Bradford Books
# Williams, Clifford (1980). ''Free Will and Determinism: A Dialogue''. Indianapolis: [[Hackett Publishing Company]]
# John Baer, James C. Kaufman, Roy F. Baumeister (2008). ''Are We Free? Psychology and Free Will''. Oxford University Press, New York ISBN 0-19-518963-9
# Reinhold Zippelius (2011). ''Rechtsphilosophie'', § 25. 6th ed., Munich: C. H. Beck ISBN 978-3-406-61191-9.
# [[George Musser]], "Is the Cosmos Random?
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;Sumber-sumber lain
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# Horst, Steven (2011), [http://www.themontrealreview.com/2009/Freedom-and-the-laws-of-nature.php ''Laws, Mind, and Free Will.''] (MIT Press) ISBN 0-262-01525-0
# [http://www.sriaurobindoashram.org/ashram/sriauro/downloadpdf.php?id=41 Sri Aurobindo about freedom and free will](PDF)
# {{cite journal|last1=Cave|first1=Stephen|title=There’s No Such Thing as Free Will|journal=The Atlantic|date=June 2016|url=http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2016/06/theres-no-such-thing-as-free-will/480750/}}
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