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cite journal|author=Ciccarelli FD, Doerks T, von Mering C, Creevey CJ, Snel B, Bork P |title=Toward automatic reconstruction of a highly resolved tree of life |journal=Science |volume=311 |issue=5765 |pages=1283–7 |year=2006 |pmid=16513982 |doi=10.1126/science.1123061 |bibcode=2006Sci...311.1283C|last2=Doerks |last3=von Mering |last4=Creevey |last5=Snel |last6=Bork }}</ref>}}
[[Umur Bumi]] adalah sekitar 4,54 miliar tahun.<ref name="USGS1997">{{cite web
Bukti ilmiah menunjukkan bahwa [[Abiogenesis|kehidupan dimulai]] di Bumi setidaknya 3,5 miliar tahun yang lalu.<ref name='AmSci'>{{cite journal |last=de Duve |first=Christian |authorlink=Christian de Duve |title=The Beginnings of Life on Earth |url=http://www.americanscientist.org/issues/pub/the-beginnings-of-life-on-earth/1 |journal=[[American Scientist]] |date=October 1995 |accessdate=15 January 2014}}</ref><ref name="AT-20120904">{{cite web |last=Timmer |first=John |title=3.5 billion year old organic deposits show signs of life|url=http://arstechnica.com/science/2012/09/3-5-billion-year-old-organic-deposts-show-signs-of-life/ |date=4 September 2012 |work=[[Ars Technica]] |accessdate=15 January 2014 }}</ref> Bukti-bukti awal untuk [[kehidupan di Bumi]] adalah grafit ditemukan biogenik di batuan metasedimentary 3,7 miliar tahun ditemukan di [[Greenland]] Barat<ref name="NG-20131208">{{cite web |url =http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/ngeo2025.html|authors= Yoko Ohtomo, Takeshi Kakegawa, Akizumi Ishida, Toshiro Nagase, Minik T. Rosing| title =Evidence for biogenic graphite in early Archaean Isua metasedimentary rocks |publisher =''[[Nature Geoscience]]''|doi=10.1038/ngeo2025|date=8 December 2013|accessdate =9 Dec 2013 }}</ref> dan [[fosil]] [[tikar mikroba]] yang ditemukan di [[batu pasir]] setua 3,48 miliar tahun ditemukan di [[Australia Barat]].<ref name="AP-20131113">{{cite news|last=Borenstein|first=Seth|title=Oldest fossil found: Meet your microbial mom|url=http://apnews.excite.com/article/20131113/DAA1VSC01.html|date=13 November 2013|work=[[AP News]]|accessdate=15 November 2013 }}</ref><ref name="AST-20131108">{{cite journal |last1=Noffke|first1=Nora|last2=Christian |first2=Daniel |last3=Wacey |first3=David |last4=Hazen |first4=Robert M.|title=Microbially Induced Sedimentary Structures Recording an Ancient Ecosystem in the ca. 3.48 Billion-Year-Old Dresser Formation, Pilbara, Western Australia|url=http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/ast.2013.1030 |date=8 November 2013 |journal=[[Astrobiology (journal)]] |doi=10.1089/ast.2013.1030 |accessdate=15 November 2013 |bibcode=2013AsBio..13.1103N |pmid=24205812 |pmc=3870916 |volume=13 |issue=12 |pages=1103–24}}</ref>▼
| date=1997 | title=Age of the Earth
| url=http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/geotime/age.html
| publisher=U.S. Geological Survey
| accessdate=2006-01-10
| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20051223072700/http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/geotime/age.html| archivedate= 23 December 2005 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal
| last=Dalrymple | first=G. Brent
| title=The age of the Earth in the twentieth century: a problem (mostly) solved | journal=Special Publications, Geological Society of London
| date=2001 | volume=190
| issue=1 | pages=205–221
| doi=10.1144/GSL.SP.2001.190.01.14 |bibcode = 2001GSLSP.190..205D }}
</ref><ref>{{cite journal
| author= Manhesa, Gérard| author2= Allègre, Claude J.| author3= Dupréa, Bernard| author4= Hamelin, Bruno
| last-author-amp= yes | title=Lead isotope study of basic-ultrabasic layered complexes: Speculations about the age of the earth and primitive mantle characteristics
| journal=[[Earth and Planetary Science Letters]]
| date=1980 | volume=47
| issue= 3 | pages=370–382
| doi=10.1016/0012-821X(80)90024-2
| bibcode=1980E&PSL..47..370M
▲}}</ref> Bukti ilmiah menunjukkan bahwa [[Abiogenesis|kehidupan dimulai]] di Bumi setidaknya 3,5 miliar tahun yang lalu.<ref name='AmSci'>{{cite journal |last=de Duve |first=Christian |authorlink=Christian de Duve |title=The Beginnings of Life on Earth |url=http://www.americanscientist.org/issues/pub/the-beginnings-of-life-on-earth/1 |journal=[[American Scientist]] |date=October 1995 |accessdate=15 January 2014}}</ref><ref name="AT-20120904">{{cite web |last=Timmer |first=John |title=3.5 billion year old organic deposits show signs of life|url=http://arstechnica.com/science/2012/09/3-5-billion-year-old-organic-deposts-show-signs-of-life/ |date=4 September 2012 |work=[[Ars Technica]] |accessdate=15 January 2014 }}</ref> Bukti-bukti awal untuk [[kehidupan di Bumi]] adalah grafit ditemukan biogenik di batuan metasedimentary 3,7 miliar tahun ditemukan di [[Greenland]] Barat<ref name="NG-20131208">{{cite web |url =http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/ngeo2025.html|authors= Yoko Ohtomo, Takeshi Kakegawa, Akizumi Ishida, Toshiro Nagase, Minik T. Rosing| title =Evidence for biogenic graphite in early Archaean Isua metasedimentary rocks |publisher =''[[Nature Geoscience]]''|doi=10.1038/ngeo2025|date=8 December 2013|accessdate =9 Dec 2013 }}</ref> dan [[fosil]] [[tikar mikroba]] yang ditemukan di [[batu pasir]] setua 3,48 miliar tahun ditemukan di [[Australia Barat]].<ref name="AP-20131113">{{cite news|last=Borenstein|first=Seth|title=Oldest fossil found: Meet your microbial mom|url=http://apnews.excite.com/article/20131113/DAA1VSC01.html|date=13 November 2013|work=[[AP News]]|accessdate=15 November 2013 }}</ref><ref name="AST-20131108">{{cite journal |last1=Noffke|first1=Nora|last2=Christian |first2=Daniel |last3=Wacey |first3=David |last4=Hazen |first4=Robert M.|title=Microbially Induced Sedimentary Structures Recording an Ancient Ecosystem in the ca. 3.48 Billion-Year-Old Dresser Formation, Pilbara, Western Australia|url=http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/ast.2013.1030 |date=8 November 2013 |journal=[[Astrobiology (journal)]] |doi=10.1089/ast.2013.1030 |accessdate=15 November 2013 |bibcode=2013AsBio..13.1103N |pmid=24205812 |pmc=3870916 |volume=13 |issue=12 |pages=1103–24}}</ref> Pada tahun 2015, "sisa-sisa [[Material biotik|kehidupan biotik]]" ditemukan di batuan berumur 4,1 miliar tahun di Australia Barat.<ref name="AP-20151019">{{cite news |last=Borenstein |first=Seth |title=Hints of life on what was thought to be desolate early Earth |url=http://apnews.excite.com/article/20151019/us-sci--earliest_life-a400435d0d.html |date=19 October 2015 |work=[[Excite]] |location=Yonkers, NY |publisher=[[Mindspark Interactive Network]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |accessdate=2015-10-20}}</ref><ref name="PNAS-20151014-pdf">{{cite journal |last1=Bell |first1=Elizabeth A. |last2=Boehnike |first2=Patrick |last3=Harrison |first3=T. Mark |last4=Mao |first4=Wendy L. |display-authors=3 |date=19 October 2015 |title=Potentially biogenic carbon preserved in a 4.1 billion-year-old zircon |url=http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2015/10/14/1517557112.full.pdf |format=PDF |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=National Academy of Sciences |doi=10.1073/pnas.1517557112 |issn=1091-6490 |accessdate=2015-10-20 |pmid=26483481 |pmc=4664351 |volume=112 |issue=47 |pages=14518–21}} Early edition, published online before print.</ref> Seorang peneliti yang tidak terkait, [[S. Blair Hedges]], menulis di sebuah email tentang studi itu berkata, "Jika kehidupan muncul relatif cepat di Bumi ... kehidupan mungkin umum di [[alam semesta]]."<ref name="AP-20151019" />
Meskipun [[fosil]] sel prokariotik kemungkinan setua hampir 3,5 miliar tahun yang lalu, sebagian besar prokariota tidak memiliki morfologi dan bentuk fosil khas tidak dapat digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi mereka sebagai arkea.<ref>{{
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