Relativisme: Perbedaan antara revisi

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{{Infobox person
| name = L. Ron Hubbard
| bgcolour = #f0de31
| image = L. Ron Hubbard in 1950.jpg
| caption = Hubbard in Los Angeles, 1950
| image_size =
| nationality = American
| birth_date = {{Birth date|mf=yes|1911|3|13}}
| birth_place = [[Tilden, Nebraska]],<br/> United States
| birth_name = Lafayette Ronald Hubbard
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1986|1|24|1911|3|13}}
| death_place = [[Creston, California]], United States
| known_for = Founder of [[Scientology]] and [[Church of Scientology|its church]]
| alma_mater = [[George Washington University]] (did not graduate)
| occupation = [[Pulp magazines|Pulp fiction]] author, religious leader
| notable_works = ''[[Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health]]'', ''[[Battlefield Earth (novel)|Battlefield Earth]]''
| criminal_charge = [[Theft]] (in 1948), <br />[[Fraud]] (''[[in absentia]]'', 1978)
|criminal_penalty = Fine of 35,000&nbsp;[[French Franc]]s and four years in prison (unserved)
| spouse = [[Margaret Grubb|Margaret "Polly" Grubb]]<br/>[[Sara Northrup Hollister]]<br/>[[Mary Sue Hubbard|Mary Sue Whipp]]
| children = 7
| network = >$600 million<ref>Von Dehsen, Christian D. "L. Ron Hubbard", in ''Philosophers and religious leaders'', p. 90. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999. ISBN 9781573561525</ref>
| awards = [[Ig Nobel Prize|Ig Nobel]] (1994)
| signature = L. Ron Hubbard signature.gif
}}
'''Relativisme''' berasal dari kata [[Bahasa Latin|Latin]], relativus, yang berarti nisbi atau relatif.<ref name="KBBI"> Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. 2000. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.</ref><ref name="kamus"> Lorens Bagus. 2000. ''Kamus Filsafat''. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Hlm. 949.</ref><ref name="isme"> A. Mangunhardjana. 1997. ''Isme-isme dalam Etika dari A sampai Z. Jogjakarta: Kanisius. Hal.203-206.</ref> Sejalan dengan arti katanya, secara umum relativisme berpendapat bahwa perbedaan [[manusia]], [[budaya]], [[etika]], [[moral]], [[agama]], bukanlah perbedaan dalam hakikat, melainkan perbedaan karena faktor-faktor di luarnya.<ref name="isme"/><ref>American Heritage Dictionary, [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/relativism] "The doctrine that no ideas or beliefs are universally true but that all are, instead, “relative” — that is, their validity depends on the circumstances in which they are applied."</ref> Sebagai paham dan pandangan etis, relativisme berpendapat bahwa yang baik dan yang jahat, yang benar dan yang salah tergantung pada masing-masing orang dan budaya masyarakatnya.<ref name="isme"/><ref name="kamus"/> Ajaran seperti ini dianut oleh [[Protagras]], [[Pyrrho]], dan pengikut-pengikutnya, maupun oleh kaum [[Skeptik]].<ref name="kamus"/><ref>[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/feyerabend/ Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Paul Feyerabend]</ref>
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== Relativisme etis ==
Relativisme etis yang berpendapat bahwa penilaian baik-buruk dan benar-salah tergantung pada masing-masing orang disebut relativisme etis subjektif atau analitis.<ref name="isme"/><ref name=socratesdialogue>
{{cite book | title=Scientific Inquiry: Applied to the Doctrine of Jesus Christ | author=Richard Austin Gudmundsen | page = 50 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=3C-ZdOSwRJcC&pg=PA50&dq=Protagoras+%22what+is+true+for+you%22&hl=en&ei=niY-Tb3AM4nEgAfc5ZWjCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Protagoras%20%22what%20is%20true%20for%20you%22&f=false
|date=2000 |publisher=Cedar Fort | accessdate=2011-1-24 |isbn=9781555174972}}
</ref> Adapun relativisme etis yang berpendapat bahwa penilaian etis tidak sama, karena tidak ada kesamaan masyarakat dan [[budaya]] disebut relativisme [[etis]] kultural.<ref name="isme"/>
 
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== Referensi ==
 
{{reflist}}
 
== Pranala luar ==
 
* [http://www.frieze.com/comment/article/best_before_1995/ Professor Ronald Jones on relativism]
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/history/inourtime/inourtime_20060119.shtml BBC Radio 4 series "In Our Time", on ''Relativism - the battle against transcendent knowledge'', 19 January 2006]