Orientasi seksual: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Orientasi seksual}}
'''Orientasi seksual''' atau '''kecenderungan seksual''' adalah pola [[ketertarikan seksual]], [[romantis]], atau [[emosi]]onal (atau kombinasi dari keseluruhan) kepada orang-orang dari lawan jenis atau gender, jenis kelamin yang sama atau gender, atau untuk kedua jenis kelamin atau lebih dari satu gender. Ini umumnya digolongkan dalam heteroseksual, homoseksual, dan biseksual,<ref name="AmPsycholAssn-whatis">{{cite web|title=Sexual orientation, homosexuality and bisexuality|publisher=[[American Psychological Association]]|accessdate=August 10, 2013|url=http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/sexual-orientation.aspx|archivedate=August 8, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130808032050/http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/sexual-orientation.aspx}}</ref><ref name="AmPsychiAssn-Sexual orientation">{{Cite web|title=Sexual Orientation|publisher=[[American Psychiatric Association]]|accessdate=January 1, 2013|url=http://healthyminds.org/More-Info-For/GayLesbianBisexuals.aspx|archivedate=July 22, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722080052/http://www.healthyminds.org/More-Info-For/GayLesbianBisexuals.aspx}}</ref> sementara aseksual (kurangnya ketertarikan seksual kepada orang lain) kadang-kadang diidentifikasi sebagai kategori keempat.<ref name="Prause">{{cite journal|last=Prause|first=Nicole|author2=Cynthia A. Graham |date=August 2004|url=http://www.kinseyinstitute.org/publications/PDF/PrauseGrahamPDF.pdf|title=Asexuality: Classification and Characterization|journal=Archives of Sexual Behavior|volume=36|pages=341–356|accessdate=31 August 2007|doi=10.1007/s10508-006-9142-3|format=PDF|pmid=17345167|issue=3}}</ref><ref name="Sexual orientation">{{cite journal|last=Melby|first=Todd|title=Asexuality gets more attention, but is it a sexual orientation?|journal=Contemporary Sexuality|date=November 2005|volume=39|issue=11|pages=1, 4–5}}</ref><ref name="Sex and society">{{cite book|title=Sex and Society|volume=2|pages=82–83|isbn=978-0-7614-7905-5|publisher=[[Marshall Cavendish]]|year=2009|editor=Marshall Cavendish Corporation|contribution=Asexuality|accessdate=February 2, 2013|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aVDZchwkIMEC&pg=PA82}}</ref><ref name="Bogaert2006">{{cite journal | last1 = Bogaert | first1 = Anthony F| year = 2006 | title = Toward a conceptual understanding of asexuality | url = http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18172400| journal = Review of General Psychology | volume = 10 | issue = 3| pages = 241–250 | doi=10.1037/1089-2680.10.3.241}}</ref>
Kategori-kategori ini adalah aspek sifat lebih bernuansa identitas seksual dan terminologi.<ref name="AmPsycholAssn-whatis"/> Misalnya, orang dapat menggunakan label lain, seperti pansexual atau polysexual,<ref name="Firestein">{{cite book | first = Beth A.| last = Firestein | title = Becoming Visible: Counseling Bisexuals Across the Lifespan | publisher = [[Columbia University Press]]|page = 9| year = 2007| accessdate = October 3, 2012 | isbn =0231137249| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=1pCKkZmBU1EC&pg=PA9}}</ref> atau tidak sama sekali.<ref name="AmPsycholAssn-whatis"/> Menurut [[American Psychological Association]], orientasi seksual "juga mengacu pada pengertian identitas seseorang berdasarkan pada atraksi, perilaku terkait, dan keanggotaan dalam komunitas lain yang berbagi atraksi mereka".<ref name="AmPsycholAssn-whatis"/><ref name="Calif-amici">{{cite web|url=http://www.courts.ca.gov/documents/Amer_Psychological_Assn_Amicus_Curiae_Brief.pdf Page 30|title=Case No. S147999 in the Supreme Court of the State of California, In re Marriage Cases Judicial Council Coordination Proceeding No. 4365(...) - APA California Amicus Brief — As Filed|page=33 n. 60 (p. 55 per Adobe Acrobat Reader);citation per ''id.'', Brief, p. 6 n. 4 (p. 28 per Adobe Acrobat Reader).|format=PDF |accessdate=March 13, 2013}}</ref> Androphilia dan gynephilia adalah istilah yang digunakan dalam ilmu perilaku untuk menggambarkan orientasi seksual sebagai alternatif gender konseptualisasi biner. Androphilia menggambarkan daya tarik seksual untuk maskulinitas; gynephilia menggambarkan daya tarik seksual untuk feminitas.<ref name="schmidt2010">Schmidt J (2010). Migrating Genders: Westernisation, Migration, and Samoan Fa'afafine, p. 45 Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., ISBN 978-1-4094-0273-2</ref> Istilah preferensi seksual sebagian besar tumpang tindih dengan orientasi seksual, tetapi pada umumnya dibedakan dalam penelitian psikologis.<ref name="Preference">{{cite news|title= Avoiding Heterosexual Bias in Language|publisher=[[American Psychological Association]]|accessdate=July 19, 2011|url=http://www.colby.edu/psychology/APA/Gender.pdf}}</ref> Seseorang yang mengidentifikasi sebagai biseksual, misalnya, dapat secara seksual lebih memilih satu jenis kelamin daripada yang lain.<ref name="Rosario">{{cite journal | last1 = Rosario | first1 = M. | last2 = Schrimshaw | first2 = E. | last3 = Hunter | first3 = J. | last4 = Braun | first4 = L. | year = 2006 | title = Sexual identity development among lesbian, gay, and bisexual youths: Consistency and change over time | url = | journal = Journal of Sex Research | volume = 43 | issue = 1| pages = 46–58 | doi=10.1080/00224490609552298}}</ref> Preferensi seksual mungkin juga menyarankan gelar pilihan secara sukarela,<ref name="Preference"/><ref>{{cite book |title=The republic of choice: law, authority, and culture |last=Friedman |first=Lawrence Meir |authorlink= |year=1990 |publisher=Harvard University Press |location= |isbn=978-0-674-76260-2 |page=92 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z6iYwTFY5mIC&lpg=PA92|accessdate=8 January 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Sexual revolutions: psychoanalysis, history and the father |last=Heuer |first=Gottfried |authorlink= |year=2011 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |location= |isbn=978-0-415-57043-5 |page=49 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d3s_vH5YV-gC&lpg=PA49|accessdate=8 January 2011}}</ref> sedangkan konsensus ilmiah adalah bahwa orientasi seksual adalah bukan pilihan.<ref name="pediatrics2004">{{cite journal |doi=10.1542/peds.113.6.1827 |author=Frankowski BL|author2=American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Adolescence|title=Sexual orientation and adolescents |journal=[[Pediatrics (journal)|Pediatrics]]|volume=113 |issue=6 |pages=1827–32 |date=June 2004|pmid=15173519|url=http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/113/6/1827.long}}</ref><ref name="rcp2007">{{cite web |url=http://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/workinpsychiatry/specialinterestgroups/gaylesbian/submissiontothecofe/psychiatryandlgbpeople.aspx#history|title=Submission to the Church of England’s Listening Exercise on Human Sexuality |publisher=The Royal College of Psychiatrists|accessdate=13 June 2013}}</ref><ref name=shatb>{{cite journal | last1 = Garcia-Falgueras | first1 = Alicia | last2 = Swaab | first2 = Dick F | year = 2010 | title = Sexual Hormones and the Brain: An Essential Alliance for Sexual Identity and Sexual Orientation | url = | journal = Endocrine Development | volume = 17 | issue = | pages = 22–35 | doi=10.1159/000262525 | pmid=19955753}} (authors are of Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, of [[Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences]]) (author contact is 2d author) (vol. 17 is Sandro Loche, Marco Cappa, Lucia Ghizzoni, Mohamad Maghnie, & Martin O. Savage, eds., ''Pediatric Neuroendocrinology'').</ref>
Tidak ada konsensus
Orientasi seksual dilaporkan terutama dalam ilmu biologi dan psikologi (termasuk seksologi), tetapi juga suatu subyek dalam antropologi, sejarah (termasuk konstruksionisme sosial), dan hukum,<ref name=Cruz>{{cite journal|last1=Cruz|first1=David B.|title=Controlling Desires: Sexual Orientation Conversion and the Limits of Knowledge and Law|journal=Southern California Law Review|date=1999|volume=72|page=1297|url=http://www-bcf.usc.edu/~usclrev/pdf/072502.pdf|accessdate=May 2015}}</ref> dan ada penjelasan lain yang berhubungan dengan orientasi seksual dan budaya.
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{{Reflist|2}}
{{Identitas seksual}}
{{LGBT}}
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