Gempa bumi dan tsunami Samudra Hindia 2004: Perbedaan antara revisi

 

==Ciri-ciri gempa==

 

[[Hiposentrum]] gempa utamanya kira-kira terletak di [[Samudra Hindia]], {{convert|160|km|mi|-1|abbr=on}} di sebelah utara pulau [[Simeulue]], lepas pantai barat Sumatera Utara, pada kedalaman {{convert|30|km|abbr=on}} di bawah [[permukaan laut]] (awalnya dilaporkan {{convert|10|km|abbr=on}}). Bagian utara ''megathrust'' [[Sunda]] patah sepanjang {{convert|1300|km|abbr=on}}.<ref name="Archived"/> Gempanya (diikuti tsunami) secara bersamaan mengguncang [[Bangladesh]], [[India]], [[Malaysia]], [[Myanmar]], [[Thailand]], [[Singapura]], dan [[Maladewa]].<ref>Lovholt, F., Bungum, H., Harbitz, C.B., Glimsal, S., Lindholm, C.D., and Pedersen, G. "[http://www.nat-hazards-earth-syst-sci.net/6/979/2006/nhess-6-979-2006.pdf Earthquake related tsunami hazard along the western coast of Thailand]." ''Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences''. Vol. 6, No. 6, 979–997. 30 November 2006. Retrieved 16 May 2009. [http://www.webcitation.org/5gsKCAmW5 Archived] 18 May 2009.</ref> [[Patahan splay]] atau "patahan muncul" sekunder menyebabkan sebagian dasar laut yang panjang dan sempit naik dalam hitungan detik. Peristiwa tersebut segera menambah ketinggian dan kecepatan gelombang, sehingga terjadi kehancuran total di kota [[Lhoknga]], [[Indonesia]].<ref>Sibuet, J-C., Rangin, C., Le Pichon, X., Singh, S., Cattaneo, A., Graindorge, D., Klingelhoefer, F., Lin, J-Y., Malod, J., Maury, T., Schneider, J-L., Sultan, N., Umber, M., Yamaguchi, H., and the "Sumatra aftershocks" team, "[http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2007/publication-3508.pdf 26 December 2004 great Sumatra–Andaman earthquake: Co-seismic and post-seismic motions in northern Sumatra]." ''Earth and Planetary Science Letters''. Vol. 263, Issues. 1–2, 88–103. 15 November 2007. Retrieved 16 May 2009. [http://www.webcitation.org/5gsKIqvg4 Archived] 18 May 2009.</ref>