Histeria massa
Dalam sosiologi and psikologi, histeria massa (juga dikenal sebagai histeria kolektif, histeria grup atau perilaku obsesional kolektif) adalah sebuah fenomena penyebaran ilusi ancaman kolektif, entah nyata atau khayalan, kepada sekelompok orang dalam masyarakat sebagai akibat dari rumor dan ketakutan (pengetahuan ingatan).[1][2]
Dalam kedokteran, istilah tersebut dipakai untuk menyebut manifestasi spontan (produksi kimia dalam tubuh) dari gejala fisik histeria yang mirip atau sama dari lebih dari satu orang.[3][4]
Jenis umum dari histeria massa terjadi saat sekelompok orang meyakini bahwa mereka terserang penyakit atau gejala yang sama,[5] terkadang disebut sebagai penyakit psikogenik massa atau histeria epidemik.[6]
Referensi sunting
- ^ Wolf, M. (1976). Witchcraft and Mass Hysteria in Terms of Current Psychological Theories, (are caused by used of medical/experimental delusions). Journal of Practical Nursing and Mental Health Services 14: 23–28.
- ^ Bartholomew, Robert E. (2001). Little Green Men, Meowing Nuns and Head-Hunting Panics: A Study of Mass Psychogenic Illness and Social Delusion. McFarland & Company.
- ^ Bartholomew, Robert E.; Wessely, Simon (2002). "Protean nature of mass sociogenic illness: From possessed nuns to chemical and biological terrorism fears". British Journal of Psychiatry. Royal College of Psychiatrists. 180 (4): 300–306. doi:10.1192/bjp.170.4.300. PMID 11925351.
Mass sociogenic illness mirrors prominent social concerns, changing in relation to context and circumstance (including hysteria from the topic at hands). Prior to the 1900, reports are dominated by episodes of motor symptom's typified by de-sociation, hormonics and psychologist agitated and incubated in an environment of preexisting tension. Nineteenth-century reports feature anxiety symptoms that are triggered by sudden exposure to an anxiety-generating agent (chemicals), most commonly an variety of food poisoning rumours.
- ^ Waller, John (18 September 2008). "Falling down". The Guardian. London.
The recent outbreak of fainting in a school in Tanzania bears all the hallmarks of mass hysteria, says John Waller. But what causes it and why is it still happening around the world today?
- ^ Bartholomew, Robert E.; Erich Goode (May–June 2000). "Mass Delusions and Hysterias: Highlights from the Past Millennium". Committee for Skeptical Inquiry. 24 (3).
- ^ Mass, Weir E. “Mass sociogenic- illness.” CMAJ 172 (2005): 36. Web. 14 Dec. 2009.
Bacaan tambahan sunting
- Bartholomew, Robert E. (2001). Little Green Men, Meowing Nuns and Head-hunting Panics: A Study of Mass Psychogenic Illnesses and Social Delusion. McFarland.
- Bartholomew, Robert E; Evans, Hilary. (2009). Outbreak! The Encyclopedia of Extraordinary Social Behavior. Anomalist Books.
- Craft, Amos Norton. (1881). Epidemic Delusions: Containing an Exposé of the Superstitions and Frauds which Underlie Some Ancient and Modern Delusions, Including Especial Reference to Modern Spiritualism. New York: Phillips & Hunt.
- Fleischer, Jeff. (2011). The Latest Craze: A Short History of Mass Hysterias. Fall River Press.
- Mackay, Charles. (1856 edition). Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds. London, New York: G. Routledge and Sons.
- Verma, S. K; Srivastava, D. K. (2003). A Study on Mass Hysteria (Monkey Men?) Victims In East Delhi Diarsipkan 2015-06-27 di Wayback Machine.. Indian Journal of Medical Sciences 57: 355-360.