Handala
Handala (Arab: حنظلة), juga Handhala, Hanzala atau Hanthala, adalah sebuah simbol dan personifikasi nasional berpengaruh dari bangsa Palestina.[1][2] Karakter tersebut diciptakan pada 1969 oleh kartunis politik Naji al-Ali, dan mula-mula mengambil bentuk saat ininya pada 1973.
Galeri sunting
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Daftar pustaka sunting
- Singh, Ashutosh. “Time and Waiting: The Fulcrum of Palestinian Identity.” Arab Studies Quarterly, vol. 41, no. 4, 2019, pp. 317–331. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/10.13169/arabstudquar.41.4.0317. Accessed 7 June 2020.
- Oweis, Fayeq. “Handala and the Cartoons of Naji al-Ali: Characters, Symbols, and Relevance Diarsipkan 2020-06-18 di Wayback Machine..” Palestine Lecture Series, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., 17 Nov. 2004. Paper/Presentation
- Margaret Olin, How Long Will Handala Wait? A Ten-Year-Old Barefoot Refugee Child on Palestinian Walls Diarsipkan 2020-06-08 di Wayback Machine., Timescapes of Waiting, pages 176–197, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004407121_012 Diarsipkan 2023-08-14 di Wayback Machine.
- Habashi J. (2017) The Evolvement of National Identity: A Never-Ending Process Diarsipkan 2023-02-10 di Wayback Machine.. In: Political Socialization of Youth. Palgrave Macmillan, New York
- Gandolfo, L. K. (2010). Representations of conflict: Images of war, resistance, and identity in Palestinian art. Radical History Review, 106, 47–69.
- Woznia, M. (2014). Mirror, mirror on the wall: Political cartoons of the Arab spring. Hemispheres, 29(2), 5–23.
Referensi sunting
- ^ Faber, Michel (11 July 2009). "Pens and swords". The Guardian. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2022-11-08. Diakses tanggal 17 September 2014.
- ^ Alazzeh, Ala. “Abu Ahmad and His Handalas.” Struggle and Survival in Palestine/Israel, edited by Mark LeVine and Gershon Shafir, 1st ed., University of California Press, 2012, pp. 427–444. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/j.ctt1ppwdk.34. Accessed 7 June 2020: "...one of the most popular symbols of Palestinian nationalism."