Edith Cavell

Edith Louisa Cavell (/ˈkævəl/; 4 Desember 1865 – 12 Oktober 1915) adalah seorang perawat asal Inggris. Ia dikenal karena menyelamatkan nyawa para prajurit dari dua kubu tanpa diskriminasi dan menolong sekitar 200 prajurit Sekutu yang kabur dari wilayah Belgia yang diduduki oleh Jerman pada Perang Dunia Pertama, dimana ia ditangkap. Ia dituduh melakukan pengkhianatan dan dihukum mati. Meskipun terdapat tekanan dari internasional, ia ditembak oleh regu tembak Jerman. Eksekusinya meraih pengecaman di seluruh dunia dan sorotan pers yang besar.

Edith Cavell
Perawat
Lahir	4 Desember 1865 Swardeston, Norfolk, Inggris
Meninggal	12 Oktober 1915(1915-10-12) (umur 49) Tir national (National Shooting Range), Schaerbeek, Brussels, Belgia
Dihormati di	Gereja Inggris
Pesta	12 Oktober (hari peringatan Anglikan)

Sumber

• Aldgate, Anthony; Robertson, James C. (2005). Censorship in theatre and cinema. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 0-7486-1960-7. 
• Alhadeff, Peter (7 October 2015). "Edith Cavell Centenary – Remembrance at Norwich Cathedral October 2015". www.centenarynews.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-12-22. Diakses tanggal 2021-10-08. 
• Baldock, Alan R (15 May 2019). "5040 Grandsire Triples composed by Joseph J Parker (12-part)". Ringing World Bellboard. Diakses tanggal 15 May 2019. 
• BBC News (5 July 2014). "WW1 nurse Edith Cavell to feature on new £5 coin". BBC News. Diakses tanggal 30 July 2014. 
• BBC News (13 October 2014). "Edith Cavell grave in Norwich to be restored". BBC News. Diakses tanggal 20 June 2015. 
• BBC News (12 July 2014c). "Edith Cavell choral work Eventide world premiere in Norwich". BBC News. Diakses tanggal 17 May 2017. 
• BBC News (4 October 2015). "Edith Cavell's railway carriage displayed in Norfolk for first time". BBC News. Diakses tanggal 17 May 2017. 
• Benn, Gottfried (2013). Selected Poems and Prose. Diterjemahkan oleh Paisey, David. Carcanet Press, Limited. ISBN 978-1-84777-150-6. Diakses tanggal 10 October 2017. 
• Bevans, Charles Irving (1968). Treaties and Other International Agreements of the United States of America, 1776–1949: Multilateral, 1918–1930: 1918–1930. Department of State. 
• Nurse Cavell Memorial 1920 (Black and White) (News Reel). London: British Pathe. 1920. Diakses tanggal 30 July 2014. 
• Daunton, Claire (1990). Her life and Her Art. The Royal London Hospital. 
• Duffy, Michael (22 August 2009). "Primary Documents – Maitre G. de Leval on the Execution of Edith Cavell, 12 October 1915". firstworldwar.com. Diakses tanggal 31 July 2014. 
•  Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1922). "Cavell, Edith". Encyclopædia Britannica (edisi ke-12). London & New York. 
• Gahan, H. Stirling (Rev'd) (1923). "Account by Reverend H. Stirling Gahan on the Execution of Edith Cavell". firstworldwar.com. Diakses tanggal 25 June 2020. 
• Gahan, H. Stirling (Rev'd) (1925). "The Execution of Edith Cavell". America; Great Crises in Our History Told by Its Makers: A Library of Original Sources... Volume XI. Americanization Department, Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States. 
• Gazet, David (12 October 2015). "Remembering Edith Cavell: WW1 nurse heroine who battled Maidstone's Typhoid outbreak". KentOnline. Diakses tanggal 8 January 2020. 
• Gibson, Hugh (1917). A Journal from our Legation (the American Legation) in Belgium... Illustrated from photographs. Hodder & Stoughton. 
• Goodwin, Doris Kearns (1994). No Ordinary Time: Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt: The Home Front in World War II. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-671-64240-2. 
• "Edith Cavell's 153rd Birthday". www.google.com. Diakses tanggal 1 November 2020. 
• Grant, Sally (1995). Edith Cavell 1865–1915. Dereham, Norfolk: Larks Press. 
• Hoehling, A A (Oct 1957). "The Story of Edith Cavell". The American Journal of Nursing. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 57 (10): 1320–22. doi:10.2307/3461516. JSTOR 3461516. PMID 13469875. 
• Hughes, Anne-Marie Claire (2005). "War, Gender and National Mourning: The Significance of the Death and Commemoration of Edith Cavell in Britain". European Review of History. 12 (3): 425–44. doi:10.1080/13507480500428938. 
• Hull, Isabel V. (2014). A Scrap of Paper: Breaking and Making of International Law during the Great War. Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-5273-4. 
• Judson, Helen (Jul 1941). "Edith Cavell". The American Journal of Nursing. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 41 (7): 871. doi:10.2307/3415077. JSTOR 3415077. 
• KCACR Roll of Honour, Kent County Association of Change Ringers, diakses tanggal 20 December 2016 
•  Klein, Henri F. (1920). "Cavell, Edith". Dalam Rines, George Edwin. Encyclopedia Americana. 
• Macdonell, Sir John, KCB (chair) (26 February 1920). First, Second and Third Interim Reports from the Committee of Enquiry into Breaches of the Laws of War, with Appendices. Cabinet Office: CAB 24/111/13 (Laporan). hlm. 419–28. Diakses tanggal 17 May 2017. From These considerations it follows that the Feldgericht was justified in finding that Miss Cavell had committed the offence with which she was charged, and that it had power under the German law with which it was administering to condemn her to death. [p. 424] 
• Mitchell, David (2015). "Cavell Mass". Campbell/Bright Morning Star. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-06-20. Diakses tanggal 20 June 2015. 
• Monument Australia (2017). "Nurse Edith Cavell". www.monumentaustralia.org.au. Diakses tanggal 18 May 2017. 
• "Seeks Release as Betrayer of Cavell". The Mount Washington News. 23 February 1934. 
• Norton-Taylor, Richard (12 October 2005). "How British diplomats failed Edith Cavell". The Guardian. Diakses tanggal 31 July 2014. 
• "Nurse Edith Cavell". Norwich Cathedral. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2021-02-03. Diakses tanggal 21 February 2010. 
• O'Hooley, Belinda (February 2011). "O'Hooley & Tidow: unconventional and experimental folk". Muso's magazine. Diakses tanggal 20 June 2015. 
• "Alleged Betrayer Freed". Palm Beach Daily News. 10 March 1936. 
• Right dear in the sight of the Lord is the death of His Saints. Peterborough Cathedral. Diakses tanggal 30 July 2014. 
• Peterson, Horace Cornelius (1939). Propaganda for war: the campaign against American neutrality, 1914–1917. ISBN 9780804603652. 
• Peterson, Moya (2018). "Edith Cavell – Nurse and Martyr". University of Kansas School of Nursing. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-10-11. Diakses tanggal 2018-10-10. 
• Rankin, Nicholas (2008). A Genius for Deception: How Cunning Helped the British Win Two World Wars. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-976917-9. 
• Reuter's (18 March 1920). "Statue of Edith Cavell". Barrier Miner. 33 (9837). Broken Hill, NSW, Australia. Diakses tanggal 30 July 2014. 
• Roberts, Carl Eric Bechhofer; Forester, Cecil Scott (1933). Nurse Cavell: A Play in Three Acts. John Lane. 
• Scovil, Elisabeth Robinson (Nov 1915). "An Heroic Nurse". The American Journal of Nursing. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 16 (2): 118–21. JSTOR 3406248. 
• Singh, Anita (12 September 2015). "Revealed: New evidence that executed wartime nurse Edith Cavell's network was spying". The Telegraph. Diakses tanggal 17 May 2017. 
• Smith, Cindi (March 1985). A Parish History of the Church of St. Mary and St. George, Jasper, Alberta. Jasper Yellowhead Historical Society. 
• "Edith Cavell Memorial". Victorian Heritage Database. State Government of Victoria. Diakses tanggal 1 November 2020. 
• "Court Circular". The Times. London. 14 October 1918. 
• Unger, Abraham (23 September 1997). "Edith Cavell". HistoryNet. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-03-11. Diakses tanggal 1 December 2015. 
• Watson, Greig (24 February 2014). "World War One: Edith Cavell and Charles Fryatt 'martyred'". BBC News. Diakses tanggal 31 July 2014. 
• Walker, Alan (April 2015a). "Walter Percival Starmer: Artist 1877–1961". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-08-01. Diakses tanggal 24 November 2017. 
• Walker, Alan (31 July 2015b). "Campaign from on high at St Jude's". Church Times. Diakses tanggal 24 November 2017. 
• Whelan, Brian (2015). "In the Footsteps of a Martyr". The Tablet. Diakses tanggal 17 October 2015. 
• Zimmermann, Alfred (1916). "A Defense of the Execution". The New York Times Current History. No. 3. New York Times Company. 

Bacaan tambahan

• Alfen, Peter van (2006). "The Meaning of a Memory: The Case of Edith Cavell and the Lusitania in Post-World War I Belgium". American Numismatic Society. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 7 June 2013. Diakses tanggal 31 July 2014. 
• Arthur, Terri (2011). Fatal Decision: Edith Cavell WWI Nurse. Beagle Books Publishing, LLC. ISBN 978-0-9841813-2-2. 
• "No reprieve for angel of mercy". BBC News. 9 May 2002. Diakses tanggal 8 August 2008. 
• Beck, James Montgomery (1915). The Case of Edith Cavell: a Study of the Rights of Noncombatants... Reprinted from "New York Times.". New York & London: G.P. Putnam's Sons. 
• Berkeley, Reginald (1928). Dawn: a biographical novel of Edith Cavell. Sears. 
• Boston, Noel (1955). The Dutiful Edith Cavell. Norwich Cathedral. 
• Brown, Gordon (2008). "The Heroine who humbled me". Courage: Eight Portraits. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. ISBN 978-0-7475-9331-7. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 29 September 2007. Diakses tanggal 7 August 2007. 
• Cabot, E. Lyman; Fitzgerald, Alice L.F. (2006). The Edith Cavell Nurse from Massachusetts: The War Lettes of Alice Fitzgerald, An American Nurse Serving in the British Expeditionary Force, Boulogne – The Somme 1916–1917. Meadow Books. ISBN 978-1-84685-202-2. 
• Clowes, Peter (12 June 2006). "Edith Cavell: World War I Nurse and Heroine". HistoryNet. Diakses tanggal 31 July 2014. 
•  "Cavell, Edith". Collier's New Encyclopedia. 1921. 
• "The Death of Edith Cavell". The Daily News & Leader. London: H.C. & L. 1915. 
• Ford, Steve (13 October 2015). "Life and work of nurse Edith Cavell remembered". Nursing Times. Diakses tanggal 2017-09-25. 
• Forrester, David Anthony (2016). Nursing's greatest leaders: a history of activism. New York: Springer Publishing Company. 
• Grey, Elizabeth (1973). Friend Within the Gates: The Story of Nurse Edith Cavell. Dell Publishing Company. 
• Hamelecourt, Juliette Elkon (1956). Edith Cavell, Heroic Nurse. J. Messner. 
• Hill, William Thomson (1915). The Martyrdom of Nurse Cavell: The Life Story of the Victim of Germany's Most Barbarous Crime : With Illustrations. London: Hutchinson & Co. 
• Johnson, Jan (1979). The Secret Task of Nurse Cavell: A Story about Edith Cavell. HarperCollins Publishers. ISBN 978-0-03-041661-3. 
• Lasswell, Harold Dwight (1927). Propaganda Technique in World War One. MIT Press (MA). ISBN 978-0-262-62018-5. 
• Leeuw, Adèle De (1968). Edith Cavell; Nurse, Spy, Heroine. Putnam. 
• Marquis, Alice Goldfarb (Jul 1978). "Words as Weapons: Propaganda in Britain and Germany during the First World War". Journal of Contemporary History. Sage Publications, Ltd. 13 (3): 467–98. doi:10.1177/002200947801300304. JSTOR 260205. 
• McFayden, Philip (1983). Edith Cavell 1865–1915, A Norfolk Heroine. People of Swardeston. 
• Murphy, William S. (1916). In Memoriam: Edith Cavell. Stoneham. 
• Peachment, Brian (1980). Ready to Die: The Story of Edith Cavell. Faith in Action Series. Canterbury Press. ISBN 978-0-08-024189-0. 
• Pickles, Katie (2007). Transnational Outrage: The Death and Commemoration of Edith Cavell. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-4039-8607-8. 
• Pickles, Katie (24 January 2017). Daniel, Ute; Gatrell, Peter; Janz, Oliver; Jones, Heather; Keene, Jennifer; Kramer, Alan; Nasson, Bill, ed. "Cavell, Edith Louisa". 1914-1918-online. Freie Universität Berlin. doi:10.15463/ie1418.10214/1.1. Diakses tanggal 19 January 2018. 
• Protheroe, Ernest (1916). A Noble Woman; The Life-story of Edith Cavell. Kelly. 
• Ryder, Rowland (1975). Edith Cavell. Hamilton. ISBN 9780241891735. 
• Sarolea, Charles (1915). The Murder of Nurse Cavell. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd. 
• Souhami, Diana (2010). Edith Cavell. Quercus. ISBN 978-1-84916-359-0. 
• Til, Jacqueline van (1922). With Edith Cavell in Belgium. H.W. Bridges. ISBN 978-1-153-21140-6. 
• Vinton, Iris (1960). The Story of Edith Cavell... Illustrated by Gerald McCann. London. 
• Ward, Richard Heron (1965). The Secret Trial: An Unhistorical Charade Suggested by the Life and Death of Edith Cavell. 

Pranala luar

• Edith Cavell commemoration site
• Karya oleh/tentang Edith Cavell di Internet Archive (pencarian dioptimalkan untuk situs non-Beta)
• Katie Pickles: Cavell, Edith Louisa, in: 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War.
• Kliping surat kabar tentang Edith Cavell di Arsip Pers Abad ke-20 dari Perpustakaan Ekonomi Nasional Jerman (ZBW)