Asa Gray

Asa Gray (18 November 1810 – 20 Januari 1888) adalah botanis Amerika paling berpengaruh pada abad ke-19.

Asa Gray
Lahir	(1810-11-18)18 November 1810 Sauquoit, New York
Meninggal	30 Januari 1888(1888-01-30) (umur 77) Cambridge, Massachusetts
Kebangsaan	Amerika Serikat
Karier ilmiah
Bidang	Botani
Terinspirasi	Amos Eaton Charles Darwin
Tanda tangan

Gray menjadi profesor botani Universitas Harvard selama beberapa dekade.

Kehidupan awal dan pendidikan

Gray lahir di Sauquoit, New York pada 18 November 1810

Karya

• Gray, Asa (1837). A Natural System of Botany. American. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.708. 
• Gray, Asa; Torrey, John (1838–1843). A Flora of North America. I & II. New York: Wiley & Putnam. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.9466. 
• Gray, Asa; Sullivant, William Starling (1848). A Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States. Boston: James Munroe and Company. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.10392. 
• Gray, Asa; Wright, Charles (1852–1853). Plantae Wrightianae Texano – Neo-Mexicanae. 1&2. Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution. 
• Gray, Asa (1857). First Lessons in Botany and Vegetable Physiology. New York: Ivison and Phinney. 
• Gray, Asa (1858). How Plants Grow: A Simple Introduction to Structural Botany. New York: American Book Company. 
• Gray, Asa (1862). Introduction to Structural and Systematic Botany and Vegetable Physiology. New York: Phinney & Company. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.3964. 
• Gray, Asa (1872). How Plants Behave. New York: Ivison, Blakeman, Taylor & Co. 
• Gray, Asa (1876). Darwiniana: Essays and Reviews Pertaining to Darwinism. New York: Appleton & Company. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.19483. LCCN 04005631. OCLC 774014. 
• Gray, Asa (1878–1897). Synoptical Flora of North America. New York: American Book Company. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.10847. 
• Gray, Asa (1879). Gray's Botanical Text-book. I & II. New York: American Book Company. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.1355. 
• Gray, Asa; Hooker, Joseph Dalton (1880). "The Vegetation of the Rocky Mountain Region, and A Comparison With That of Other Parts of the World". Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories. Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office. VI (1): 1–77. 
• Gray, Asa (1887). Gray's School and Field Book of Botany. New York: American Book Company. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.55588. 
• Gray, Asa (1888). Synoptical Flora of North America: The Gamopetalae. I, pt. II, and II, pt. I (edisi ke-2). Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.1520. 

Daftar pustaka

• Alexander, Denis R.; Numbers, Ronald L. (2010). Biology and Ideology from Descartes to Dawkins. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-60840-2. 
• Boufford, D. E.; Spongberg, S. A. (1983). "Eastern Asian – Eastern North American Phytogeographical Relationships – A History From The Time of Linnaeus To The Twentieth Century". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 70. doi:10.2307/2992081. 
• Browne, Janet (2010). "Asa Gray and Charles Darwin: Corresponding Naturalists" (PDF). Harvard Papers in Botany. 15 (2): 209–220. doi:10.3100/025.015.0204. 
• Crafts, Edward Clayton; Ellison, Lincoln (1938). A Selected Bibliography on Management of Western Ranges, Livestock, and Wildlife. United States Department of Agriculture. 
• Darwin, Charles (25 April 1855). "Letter 1674, Darwin Correspondence Project". Surat untuk Asa Gray. Diakses tanggal January 9, 2015. 
• Darwin, Charles (22 Januari 1860). "Letter 2814, Darwin Correspondence Project". Surat untuk Asa Gray. Diakses tanggal January 1, 2015. 
• Darwin, Charles (32 Januari 1878). "Letter 11330, Darwin Correspondence Project". Surat untuk Asa Gray. Diakses tanggal January 1, 2015. 
• Darwin, Charles (7 Mei 1879). "Letter 12041, Darwin Correspondence Project". Surat untuk John Fordyce. Diakses tanggal January 1, 2015. 
• Darwin, Charles (29 Januari 1881). "Letter 13031, Darwin Correspondence Project". Surat untuk Asa Gray. Diakses tanggal January 1, 2015. 
• Darwin, Charles (1888). Darwin, Francis, ed. The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin. London: John Murray, Albemarle Street. 
• Deane, Walter (1888). "Asa Gray". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. XV (3). JSTOR 2476862. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-11-10. Diakses tanggal 2015-12-24. 
• Donnelly, Walter A. (1958). The University of Michigan: An Encyclopedic Survey, Pt 8. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. 
• Dupree, A. Hunter (1988). Asa Gray, American Botanist, Friend of Darwin. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-801-83741-8. 
• Farlow, W. G. "Memoir of Asa Gray 1810–1888" (PDF). National Academy of Sciences. Diakses tanggal 18 Januari 2015. 
• Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. 258 (edisi ke-2). Washington, DC: United States Geological Survey. 
• Gray, Asa (1876). Darwiniana: Essays and Reviews Pertaining to Darwinism. New York: Appleton & Company. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.19483. LCCN 04005631. OCLC 774014. 
• Gray, Jane Loring (1894). Letters of Asa Gray. New York: Houghton, Mifflin, and Co. 
• Herwick III, Edgar B. (October 16, 2014). "142-Year-Old Trees Cut Down In Cambridge". WGBH News. Diakses tanggal October 21, 2014. 
• Holmgren, Noel H. "Grayia)". eFloras. Diakses tanggal 31 Januari 2015. 
• Jenkins, Charles F. (1942). "Asa Gray and his Quest for Shortia galacifolia". Arnoldia. 2 (3 & 4). JSTOR 42953488. 
• Love, Rhoda M. (Fall 1998). "Wilhelm Nikolaus Suksdorf (1850–1932) Pioneer Botanist of the Pacific Northwest" (PDF). Pacific Northwest Quarterly. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2016-03-04. Diakses tanggal 2015-12-24. 
• Linden, Blanche M. G. (2007). Silent City on a Hill: Picturesque Landscapes of Memory and Boston's Mount Auburn Cemetery. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press. ISBN 978-1-55849-571-5. 
• Matthews, Brander (January 1904). "Concerning the Quatrain". The Lamp. 27: 589. 
• Miles, Sara Joan (September 2001). "Charles Darwin and Asa Gray Discuss Teleology and Design". PSCF (American Scientific Affiliation). 53. 
• Moore, Randy (2002). Evolution in the Courtroom: A Reference Guide. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 1-57607-421-8. 
• Moore, G.; Macklin, J.; DeCesare, L. (2010). "A Brief History of Asa Gray's Manual of Botany". Harvard Papers in Botany. 15 (2): 277–286. doi:10.3100/025.015.0207. 
• Pitcher, Zina (1856). Laws and Regulations of the American Medical Association, With a Sketch of Detroit, and a Brief History of the University of Michigan, and of the Development of the Resources of the State. Detroit: R. F. Johnstone & Company. 
• Senning, Alexander (2007). Elsevier's Dictionary of Chemoetymology. Amsterdam: Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-444-52239-9. 
• Smith, Daniel A. (October 5, 2014). "God's Beloved Yellowwoods". First Church In Cambridge. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-12-24. Diakses tanggal March 29, 2015. 
• Torrey, Eliza Shaw (1988). "On the Trail of John Torrey, #10". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 15 (3). JSTOR 2995959. 
• Wen, Jun (1999). "Evolution of Eastern Asian and Eastern North American Disjunct Distributions in Flowering Plants". Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. 30: 421–455. doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.30.1.421. JSTOR 221691. 
• Zeller, Suzanne (1994). "Penhallow, David Pearce". Dictionary of Canadian Biography. 
• "Alfred Russel Wallace (1823–1913)". The Linnean Society of London. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-01-02. Diakses tanggal 1 Januari 2015. 
• "Asa Gray". Darwin Correspondence Project. Diakses tanggal 9 Januari 2015. 
• "Asa Gray". Darwin Correspondence Project. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-05-04. Diakses tanggal 18 Januari 2015. 
• "Asa Gray". Encyclopaedia Britannica. September 30, 2013. 242613. Diakses tanggal 9 Januari 2015. 
• "Asa Gray". Litchfield Historical Society. Diakses tanggal 31 Desember 2014. 
• "Asa Gray". University of Michigan. Diakses tanggal 3 Januari 2015. 
• "Asa Gray Award". American Society of Plant Taxonomists. 18 Februari 2012. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-12-31. Diakses tanggal 31 Desember 2014. 
• "Asa Gray House". National Historic Landmark Summary listing. National Park Service. Diakses tanggal 5 Januari 2015. 
• "Biographies of Scientists and Explorers". Southwest Colorado Wildflowers. Diakses tanggal 1 Januari 2015. 
• "Gray Gets Stamp of Approval". Harvard Gazette. 30 Juni 2011. Diakses tanggal 31 Desember 2014. 
• "Gray Herbarium (GH)". Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries. Diakses tanggal 4 Januari 2015. 
• "Gray's Peak". Harvard University Herbaria. 2010. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-01-06. Diakses tanggal 5 Januari 2015. 
• "Housing – Independent, Assisted Living, Alzheimer's". University of Michigan Geriatrics Center and Institute of Gerontology. Diakses tanggal 3 Januari 2015. 
• "Liberty Hyde Bailey Jr. (1858–1954) Papers". Harvard University Herbaria. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-04-02. Diakses tanggal 8 Maret 2015. 
• "Lake Helen Public Information City Guide". City of Lake Helen, Florida. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-02-13. Diakses tanggal 31 Desember 2014. 
• "Mendelsohn Quad". Stony Brook University. Diakses tanggal 3 Januari 2015. 

Bacaan tambahan

• Sargent, Charles Sprague, ed. (1889). Scientific Papers of Asa Gray. I. New York: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. 
• Sargent, Charles Sprague, ed. (1889). Scientific Papers of Asa Gray. II. New York: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. 

Pranala luar

• Karya tulis oleh atau tentang Asa Gray di Wikisource

• Karya Asa Gray di Project Gutenberg
• Karya oleh/tentang Asa Gray di Internet Archive (pencarian dioptimalkan untuk situs non-Beta)
• Karya Asa Gray di LibriVox (buku suara domain umum)
• Darwin Correspondence Project Diarsipkan 2007-12-12 di Wayback Machine.
• Darwin Correspondence Project – Gray, Asa Diarsipkan 2008-01-01 di Wayback Machine.
• Harvard Botany Libraries Archive Diarsipkan 2010-06-22 di Wayback Machine.
• National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir