Konsonan
|
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AFI[1] |
Hindi[1] |
ISO 15919 [1] |
Urdu |
Penyetaraan dengan Bahasa Inggris
|
---|
[[|b]]
|
ब |
ba |
ب |
butter
| [[|bʱ]]
|
भ |
bha |
بھ |
abhor
| [[|d]][2] |
द |
da |
د |
the
| [[|dʱ]][2] |
ध |
dha |
دھ |
within (as a dhh sound, tongue touches palate, strong air exhalation)
| [[|dʒ]]
|
ज |
ja |
ج |
jazz
| [[|dʒʱ]]
|
झ |
jha |
جھ |
hedgehog (strong jhh sound)
| [[|ɖ]][2] |
ड |
ḍa |
ڈ |
gourd
| [[|ɖʱ]][2] |
ढ |
ḍha |
ڈھ |
adhere
| [[|f]]
|
फ़ |
fa |
ف |
food
| [[|ɡ]]
|
ग |
ga |
گ |
green
| [[|ɡʱ]]
|
घ |
gha |
گھ |
big headed
| [[|ɣ]]
|
ग़ |
ġa |
غ |
similar to a French r (mostly Urdu; sometimes substituted for [ɡ] (ग) in Hindi).
| [[|ɦ]]
|
ह |
ha |
ح |
head
| [[|j]]
|
य |
ya |
ی |
yak
| [[|k]]
|
क |
ka |
ک |
sky
| [[|kʰ]]
|
ख |
kha |
کھ |
car
| [[|l]]
|
ल |
la |
ل |
leaf
| [[|m]]
|
म |
ma |
م |
much
| [[|n]]
|
न |
na |
ن |
not
| [[|ɳ]]
|
ण |
ṇa |
ن |
burn (mostly Hindi; Urdu uses [n] (ن)).
| [[|ɲ]]
|
ञ |
ña |
نیْا |
roughly like canyon (mostly Hindi; Urdu uses [n] (ن)).
| [[|ŋ]]
|
ङ |
ṅa |
ن |
bank
| [[|p]]
|
प |
pa |
پ |
sport
| [[|pʰ]]
|
फ |
pha |
پھ |
pencil
| [[|q]]
|
क़ |
qa |
ق |
quail (k in the throat, tongue not touching palate) (mostly Urdu; sometimes substituted for [k] (क) in Hindi)
| [[|ɾ]]
|
र |
ra |
ر |
American butter (r may be trilled[3])
| [[|r]]
| [[|ɽ]]
|
ड़ |
ṛa |
ڑ |
garter (GA)
| [[|ɽʱ]]
|
ढ़ |
ṛha |
ڑھ |
as [ɽ] plus h; somewhat as the US: warhead
| [[|s]]
|
स |
sa |
ث، س، ص |
sue
| [[|ʂ]]
|
ष |
ṣa |
ش/س |
shrimp (mostly Hindi; Urdu uses either [ʃ] (ش) or [s] (س)).
| [[|ʃ]]
|
श |
śa |
ش |
shoe
| [[|t]][2] |
त |
ta |
ت، ط |
still
| [[|tʰ]][2] |
थ |
tha |
تھ |
tip
| [[|tʃ]]
|
च |
ca |
چ |
catch
| [[|tʃʰ]]
|
छ |
cha |
چھ |
choose
| [[|ʈ]][2] |
ट |
ṭa |
ٹ |
carts
| [[|ʈʰ]][2] |
ठ |
ṭha |
ٹھ |
trip
| [[|ʋ]][4] |
व |
va |
و |
varies between w and v
| [[|x]]
|
ख़ |
k͟ha |
خ |
Scottish Loch (mostly Urdu; sometimes substituted for [kʰ] (ख) in Hindi)
| [[|z]]
|
ज़ |
za |
ذ، ز، ض، ظ |
zen
| [[|ʒ]]
|
श़ |
zha |
ژ |
pleasure
|
|
Vokal
|
---|
AFI |
Hindi |
ISO 15919 |
Urdu |
Penyetaraan dengan Bahasa Inggris
|
---|
[[|aː]]
|
आ, पा |
ā |
آ, بَا |
far
| [[|eː]]
|
ए, पे |
ē |
اے، بے |
Yale
| [[|ɛː]]
|
ऐ, पै |
ai |
اَے، بَے |
hen
| [[|ə]][5] |
अ, प |
a |
اَ، بَ |
strut
| [[|iː]][6] |
ई, पी |
ī |
اِی، بِی |
feed
| [[|ɪ]][6] |
इ, पि |
i |
اِ، بِ |
dill
| [[|oː]]
|
ओ, पो |
ō |
او، بو |
story
| [[|ɔː]]
|
औ, पौ |
au |
اَو، بَو |
dog
| [[|uː]][6] |
ऊ, पू |
ū |
اُو، بُو |
moon
| [[|ʊ]][6] |
उ, पु |
u |
اُ، بُ |
wood
| [[|rɪ]]
|
ऋ, पृ |
r̥ |
ری، پر |
(mostly Hindi, Urdu uses [r] (ر)).
| [[|◌̃]]
|
ँ |
m̐ |
ـں |
nasal vowel faun ([ãː, õː], etc.)
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