Sergei Korolev
Sergei Pavlovich Korolev (bahasa Rusia: Серге́й Па́влович Королёв; IPA: [sʲɪrˈgʲej ˈpavləvʲɪtɕ kərɐˈlʲɵf] (
simak),[3] Ukraina: Сергі́й Па́влович Корольо́в, Serhiy Pavlovych Korolov, juga ditulis Sergey Pavlovich Korolyov; 12 Januari [K.J.: 30 Desember 1906] 1907 – 14 Januari 1966) adalah kepala teknisi roket dan perancang pesawat luar angkasa Soviet dalam Perlombaan Antariksa antara Amerika Serikat dan Uni Soviet tahun 1950-an dan 1960-an. Ia sering dianggap sebagai bapak astronotika terapan.[4][5]
| Sergei Korolev | |
|---|---|
| Lahir | Sergey Pavlovich Korolev Сергей Павлович Королёв Сергій Павлович Корольов 12 January [K.J.: 30 Desember 1906] 1907 Zhytomyr, Kegubernuran Volhynian, Kekaisaran Rusia |
| Meninggal | 14 Januari 1966 (umur 59) Moskow, RSFS Rusia, Uni Soviet |
| Sebab meninggal | Kanker, Tumor |
| Kebangsaan | Soviet |
| Pekerjaan | Teknisi dan perancang roket Soviet Kolonel (Tentara Merah) |
| Suami/istri | Xenia Vincentini Nina Ivanovna Kotenkova[1] |
| Anak | Natasha |
Meski Korolev mengenyam pendidikan sebagai perancang pesawat, ia justru lebih menguasai integrasi desain, organisasi, dan perencanaan strategis. Ia sempat ditahan karena diduga menyalahgunakan dana (eksperimen roketnya yang gagal memakan biaya besar) pada tahun 1938 selama hampir enam tahun, termasuk beberapa bulan di kamp kerja paksa Kolyma. Setelah bebas, ia diangkat sebagai perancang roket dan tokoh penting dalam pengembangan program ICBM Soviet. Ia Korolev kemudian ditunjuk sebagai kepala program luar angkasa Sovit, anggota Akademi Ilmu Pengetahuan Soviet, dan pemimpin proyek Sputnik dan Vostok yang melibatkan peluncuran Yuri Alexeevich Gagarin (manusia pertama di luar angkasa) ke orbit Bumi pada tanggal 12 April 1961. Ketika ia meninggal dunia tahun 1966, rencananya untuk menempatkan Rusia sebagai negara pertama yang mendaratkan manusia di bulan baru saja dilaksanakan.
Sebelum meninggal dunia, ia lebih sering dipanggil "The Chief Designer" (Perancang Utama) karena pemerintah Soviet takut Amerika Serikat akan mengirim agen untuk membunuhnya.[6] Baru beberapa tahun kemudian ia diperkenalkan sebagai tokoh utama di balik keberhasilan proyek antariksa Soviet.
Lihat pula sunting
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- Taming of the Fire
- Maxime Faget
- Hermann Oberth
- Vladimir Chelomei
- Valentin Glushko
- Kerim Kerimov
- Mstislav Keldysh
- Boris Chertok
- Robert Bartini
- Wernher Von Braun
- Program Bulan berawak Soviet
- Perlombaan Antariksa
- Program Sputnik
- Valentin Anisimov
- Vostok
- Voskhod
- Soyuz
- Program antariksa Soviet
- Badan Antariksa Negara Ukraina
Referensi sunting
- ^ Harford, p. 25, 94.
- ^ In 1924, Korolev described himself as an Ukrainian in his application to Kiev Polytechnic Institute, but later consistently described himself as Russian. Kolonitsky, Boris. "Sergey Korolyov" (dalam bahasa Russian). // Solodko, Pavlo. Сергій Корольов. Давайте сьогодні згадаємо і про хороше (dalam bahasa Ukrainian).
- ^ "Korolëv" is the transliteration used by the Library of Congress and adopted by James Harford for his biography (Harford 1997, p. xvi).
Korolev's last name is pronounced [kərʌˈlʲof][butuh rujukan]. - ^ "energia-zem.ru". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-08-15. Diakses tanggal 2015-02-02.
- ^ Sagdeyev, R. Z.; Shtern, M. I. "The Conquest of Outer Space in the USSR 1974". NASA. NASA Technical Reports Server. Diakses tanggal 13 September 2011.
- ^ Scott and Leonov, p. 53. Harford, p. 135. "Chief Designer" is a translation of Glavny Konstruktor (Russian: Главный Конструктор).
Daftar pustaka sunting
- Harford, James (1997). Korolev: How One Man Masterminded the Soviet Drive to Beat America to the Moon. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0-471-14853-9.
- Korolyov, S. P. (1934). Rocket Flight in the Stratosphere. Moscow: State Military Publishers (Гос. воен. изд.). (http://www.nlr.ru/e-case/expand_bme.php?id=60692&cn=1[pranala nonaktif permanen])
- Korolyov, S. P. (1957). The Practical Significance of Konstantin Tsiolkovsky's Proposals in the Field of Rocketry. Moscow: USSR Academy of Sciences.
- Mishin, Vassily P. (12 November 1991). "Why Didn't We Fly to the Moon?". Jprs-Usp-91-006: 10.
- Scott, David; Alexei Leonov (2006). Two Sides of the Moon: Our Story of the Cold War Space Race. with Christine Toomey. St. Martin's Griffin. ISBN 0-312-30866-3.
- Vladimirov, Leonid (1971). The Russian Space Bluff. David Floyd (trans.). The Dial Press. ISBN 0-85468-023-3.
- Черток, Б.Е. (1999). Ракеты и люди. 2-е изд. 1999. (Boris Chertok, Rockets and People)
- "Testing of rocket and space technology - the business of my life" Events and facts - A.I. Ostashev, Korolev, 2001.[1];
- "Red Moon Rising: Sputnik and the Hidden Rivalries that Ignited the Space Age", - Matthew Brzezinski, Henry Holt and Company, 2008 г. ISBN 0-8050-8858-X;
- A.I. Ostashev, Sergey Pavlovich Korolyov - The Genius of the 20th Century — 2010 M. of Public Educational Institution of Higher Professional Training MGUL ISBN 978-5-8135-0510-2.
- "Bank of the Universe" - edited by Boltenko A. C., , Kiev, 2014., publishing house "Phoenix", ISBN 978-966-136-169-9
Pranala luar sunting
- Episode 47 of astrotalkuk.org Contains recording from the unveiling of Yuri Gagarin Statue event in London on 14 July 2011, includes Natalya Koroleva speaking about her father.
- Sergei Pavlovich Korolev (1907–1966) Biography, with several historic photographs provided by Natalya Koroleva.
- Korolev, Mastermind of the Soviet Space Program Diarsipkan 2006-05-19 di Wayback Machine. Biography, with a few photographs, by James Harford, adapted, in part, from the author’s book.
- Sergei Pavlovich Korolev Diarsipkan 2007-01-01 di Wayback Machine. Biography by Phil Delnon dated May 1998.
- Sergey P. Korolev. The Great Engineer and Scientist. Diarsipkan 2006-10-30 di Wayback Machine. Biography at the official website of Korolev, Moscow Oblast
- Exclusive site on Sergei Korolev: The Soviet space pioneer.(needs Flash) direct link di geocities.com Galat: URL arsip tidak dikenal (diarsipkan tanggal 20091027053542)
- Soviet and Russian space programmes
- PBS Red Files
- Korolev — detailed biography at Encyclopedia Astronautica
- Detailed biography at Centennial of Flight website Diarsipkan 2007-10-05 di Wayback Machine.
- Korolëv's slide rule Diarsipkan 2008-01-09 di Wayback Machine. at the U.S. National Air and Space Museum. His German-made slide rule was a "magician's wand" to his colleagues.
- Photograph and description of monument to S. Korolev Diarsipkan 2012-02-07 di Wayback Machine. at the Kiev Polytechnic Institute.
- Extensive collection of photographs and documents related to Korolev Diarsipkan 2007-12-18 di Wayback Machine. at the RGANTD (РГАНТД) (Rusia)
- Family history
- Korolev as a boy Diarsipkan 2008-02-27 di Wayback Machine. in Nizhyn, 1912.
- Korolev as a student Diarsipkan 2008-02-27 di Wayback Machine. at KPI, 1924.
- (RGANTD is the Russian State Archive for Scientific and Technical Documentation.)