Kuda Lumpur Rumput

Kuda Lumpur Rumput atau Cǎonímǎ (草泥马) adalah sebuah meme internet Tiongkok yang banyak dipakai sebagai eufemisme untuk frase kutuk cào nǐ mā (肏你妈). Istilah tersebut adalah sebuah permainan latar untuk kata Mandarin cào nǐ mā (肏你妈), yang merupakan sebuah kata umpatan dan merupakan salah satu dari 10 Makhluk Mitos yang dibuat dalam sebuah artikel hoax di Baidu Baike pada awal 2009. Ini menjadi fenomena kultus forum chat Internet di Tiongkok dan meraih perhatian pers di seluruh dunia, dengan video, kartun dan pernak-pernik dari hewan tersebut (yang dikatakan mirip alpaka), bermunculan.

Kuda Lumpur Rumput
Alpaka Bolivia alias "Kuda Lumpur Rumput"
Hanzi tradisional:	草泥馬
Hanzi sederhana:	草泥马
Makna harfiah:	grass mud horse
Alih aksara Mandarin - Hanyu Pinyin: Cǎonímǎ - Tongyong Pinyin: Cǎonímǎ - Wade-Giles: Ts'ao3 ni2 ma3 - Romanisasi Yale: Tsau3 ni2 ma3 - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Tsao Ni Maa - Bopomofo: ㄘㄠˇ ㄋㄧˊ ㄇㄚˇ Kejia (Hakka) - Romanisasi: Chhó nài mâ Min Nan - Romanisasi POJ: Chháu-nî-má Yue (Kantonis) - Romanisasi Yale: Chóu nàih máh - Jyutping: Cou2 nai4 maa5

Daftar pustaka

• "Chinese Bloggers Protest Blocking of YouTube" AsiaNews.it. 25 March 2009. Retrieved 18 February 2012.
• Awflasher. "What is the Grass Mud Horse?". Youtube. 1 February 2009. Retrieved 18 February 2012. [Chinese].
• "The Grass Mud Horse" Baidu Baike. 2009. Retrieved 18 February 2012. [Chinese screenshot].
• "Introduction to the Grass-Mud Horse Lexicon". China Digital Times. The Berkley Counter-Power Lab. Retrieved 18 February 2012.
• "Plush Your Mother: Grass Mud Horse Dolls In China". Daddytypes.com. 11 March 2009. Retrieved 24 February 2011.
• Estes, Adam Clark. "More Theories on Ai Weiwei's Arrest: Nude Photos, Plagiarism" Diarsipkan 2013-03-12 di Wayback Machine.. Atlantic Wire. 11 April 2012. Retrieved 24 February.
• Feifei2226. "The Grass Mud Horse Song, Animated Version, Bring Your Own Sunglasses!!!!!!". Youtube. 6 February 2009. Retrieved 18 February 2012. [Chinese].
• "China: Goodbye Grass Mud Horse". Global Voices. 18 March 2009. Retrieved 25 February 2012.
• Li Yongfeng. [ "Chinese Netizens create the Grass Mud Horse Pneonmenon in order to Criticize the Foolishness of the Government"]. Yazhou Zhoukan. Vol.23. Issue 13. p. 8. 5 April 2009. Retrieved 24 February 2012. [Chinese]
• "Over 80 Develop the Guangzhou Version of the Grass Mud Horse" Diarsipkan 2012-02-17 di Wayback Machine.. Nandu Daily. 5 March 2009. Retrieved 24 February 2012. [Chinese]
• Parker, John. "Google vs China: The Endgame" Asia Times Online. 14 April 2010. Retrieved on 7 July 2011.
• "The Original 2009 Popular Science Article on the Grass Mud Horse" Diarsipkan 2012-03-05 di Wayback Machine.. PowerApple.com. 4 February 2009. Retrieved 18 February 2012. [Chinese].
• Rea, Christopher. "Spoofing (e’gao) Culture on the Chinese Internet.” In Humour in Chinese Life and Culture: Resistance and Control in Modern Times. Jessica Milner Davis and Jocelyn Chey, eds. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2013, pp. 149–172
• Sheridan, Michael. "Ai Weiwei Held for 'Obscene' Political Art". The Australian. 11 April 2011. Retrieved 24 February 2012.
• Skippybently. "Song of the Grass-Mud Horse (Cao Ni Ma)". Youtube. 12 March 2009. Retrieved 18 February 2012.
• "Music Video: The Song of the Grass Mud Horse 《草泥马之歌》" Diarsipkan 2012-02-20 di Wayback Machine.. University of Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona. Retrieved 18 February 2012.
• Wang, Jen, and Nguyen, Diana. F*ck Your Mother Ship, F*ck Censorship. Huffington Post. 17 March 2009.
• Wen Yunchao. "The 'Grass-Mud Horses' Battling Internet Censors". France24. 13 March 2009. Retrieved 18 February 2012.
• Wines, Michael. "A Dirty Pun Tweaks China’s Online Censors". New York Times. 11 March 2009. Retrieved 18 February 2012.
• Wines, Michael. China: Censors Bar Mythical Creature. New York Times. 20 March 2009. Retrieved 25 February 2012.
• Xh1120. "Animal World Special on the Mahler Gobi's Grass Mud Horse". Youtube. 28 January 2009. Retrieved 18 February 2012. [Chinese].
• Xiaohe1120xu. "Animal World Special on the Mahler Gobi's Grass Mud Horse: Complete Version". Youtube. 7 February 2009. Retrieved 18 February 2012.
• James, Randy. "A Brief History of Chinese Internet Censorship". TIME. 18 March 2009. Retrieved 7 October 2018.

Pranala luar

• "CDT Launches the Grass-Mud Horse Lexicon", China Digital Times, 7 December 2010
• China Digital Times' Grass-mud Horse Lexicon, as retrieved by the Wayback Machine on 4 March 2016
• The official Mud Grass Horse Song in the original Chinese with English annotations.
• Sim Chi Yin, "Mythical creature a not-so-secret weapon against Net nannies", Straits Times, 27 March 2009
• CNN explains the grass-mud horse di YouTube
• Another viral Grass-mud horse song with English subtitles di YouTube