K League 1

K League 1
Hangul	K리그 원
Alih Aksara	K rigeu one
McCune–Reischauer	K rigŭ wŏn

K League 1
Badan yang mengatur	Federasi K League
Negara
Konfederasi	AFC
Dibentuk	1983; 41 tahun lalu
Jumlah tim	12
Tingkat pada piramida	1
Degradasi ke	K League 2
Piala domestik	Piala FA Korea
Piala internasional	Liga Champions AFC
Juara bertahan liga	Ulsan Hyundai ; (2022)
Klub tersukses	Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors (9 gelar)
Televisi penyiar	JTBC Golf&Sports; IB Sports; Sky Sports (Korea Selatan); Coupang Play; Next Level Sports
Situs web	kleague.com
	K League 1 2023

K League 1 (Hangul: K리그1) adalah divisi sepak bola profesional teratas dari sistem liga sepak bola Korea Selatan. Liga ini diikuti oleh dua belas klub.

Pembentukan sunting

K-League didirikan pada 1983 sebagai Liga Super Korea, dengan anggota lima klub. Lima klub pertama adalah Hallelujah FC, Yukong Kokkiri, POSCO Dolphins, Daewoo Royals, Kookmin Bank FC. Hallelujah FC memenangkan gelar perdananya, menyelesaikan satu poin di depan Daewoo FC untuk mengangkat mahkota.

Pada 1998, liga sepak bola Korea direformasi dan diganti namanya menjadi K-League. Sejak didirikan, liga telah berkembang dari 5 hingga 15 klub awal. Dari 5 klub pengukuhan, hanya Yukong Kokkiri, POSCO Dolphins, dan Daewoo Royals yang tersisa di K-League; Kookmin Bank FC keluar dari liga pada akhir 1984, dan Hallelujah FC mengikuti musim berikutnya.

Struktur sunting

Saat ini K-League adalah satu-satunya liga profesional di Korea. Ini berisi enam belas klub anggota.

Di bawah level K-League terdapat Liga Nasional, liga semi-profesional / amatir tertutup dengan lima belas klub, didirikan pada tahun 2003. Level ketiga sepak bola di Korea adalah Challengers League.

Saat ini, tidak ada sistem resmi promosi dan degradasi di antara ketiga liga. Namun, mulai tahun 2006, juara Liga Nasional telah memenuhi syarat untuk promosi ke Liga-K asalkan mereka telah memenuhi kriteria tertentu. Goyang Kookmin Bank dan Ulsan Mipo Dockyard, juara Liga Nasional pada tahun 2006 dan 2007, keduanya menolak kesempatan untuk naik ke K-League. Setelah penolakan promosi K-League back-to-back, komite Liga Nasional memutuskan untuk menghentikan sistem promosi bersyarat sebelum musim 2008.

Kejadian Penting sunting

K Liga Klasik didirikan pada tahun 1983 sebagai Korea Super League, dengan lima klub anggota. Lima klub awal adalah Hallelujah FC, Yukong Gajah, POSCO Dolphins, Daewoo Royals, Kookmin Bank FC. Haleluya FC memenangkan gelar perdana, menyelesaikan satu poin dari Daewoo Royals untuk mengangkat mahkota.

Pada tahun 1998, liga sepak bola Korea direformasi dan berganti nama menjadi Liga K. (K League adalah ortografi resmi tahun 2012) Sejak pembentukannya, liga telah berkembang dari awal 5 sampai 16 klub. Dari 5 klub perdana, hanya Yukong Gajah, POSCO Dolphins, dan Daewoo Royals tetap di Liga K; Kookmin Bank FC keluar dari liga pada akhir tahun 1984, dan Hallelujah FC diikuti musim ini setelah.

Pada tahun 2013, K League memperkenalkan sistem divisi. Nama divisi pertama adalah K Liga klasik, nama divisi kedua adalah K Liga Challenge dan nama merek komprehensif K League.

Di bawah K Liga klasik, ada K Liga Challenge, dan di bawah K Liga Challenge, ada Liga Nasional, liga semi-profesional tertutup dengan sepuluh klub, didirikan pada tahun 2003. Tingkat keempat sepak bola di Korea adalah K3.

Tidak ada sistem resmi promosi dan degradasi. Namun, mulai tahun 2013, juara K Liga Challenge memenuhi syarat untuk promosi ke K League Classic, asalkan mereka telah memenuhi kriteria tertentu. Pada musim 2012, dua tim dari K Liga Klasik diturunkan ke K Liga Challenge, dan pada tahun 2013, dua tim akan diturunkan ke K Liga Challenge, dan 11 ditempatkan tim dari K League Classic.

Sejarah K-League sunting

Juara K-League sunting

Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma are the most successful team in terms of championship victories, having lifted the title on no less than seven occasions.
The roll-call of champions is as follows (present-date names included where teams have changed names previously):

K-League's principle of official statistics is that final club succeeds to predecessor club's history & records.

Gelar berdasarkan Musim sunting

2000—sekarang

Musim	Pemenang	Juara Dua
2000	Anyang LG Cheetahs	Bucheon SK
2001	Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma	Anyang LG Cheetahs
2002	Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma	Ulsan Hyundai Horang-i
2003	Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma	Ulsan Hyundai Horang-i
2004	Suwon Samsung Bluewings	Pohang Steelers
2005	Ulsan Hyundai Horang-i	Incheon United
2006	Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma	Suwon Samsung Bluewings
2007	Pohang Steelers	Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma
2008	Suwon Samsung Bluewings	FC Seoul
2009	Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors	Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma
2010	FC Seoul	Jeju United
2011	Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors	Ulsan Hyundai
2012	FC Seoul	Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors
2013	Pohang Steelers	Ulsan Hyundai
2014	Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors	Suwon Samsung Bluewings
2015	Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors	Suwon Samsung Bluewings
2016	FC Seoul	Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors
2017	Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors	Jeju United
2018	Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors	Gyeongnam FC
2019	Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors	Ulsan Hyundai

Gelar berdasarkan Klub sunting

Klub	Pemenang	Runner-up	Menang	Runners-Up Seasons
Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma	7	3	1993, 1994, 1995, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2006	1992, 2007, 2009
Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors	7	1	2009, 2011, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2019	2016
FC Seoul	6	5	1985, 1990, 2000, 2010, 2012, 2016	1986, 1989, 1993, 2001, 2008
Pohang Steelers	5	4	1986, 1988, 1992, 2007, 2013	1985, 1987, 1995, 2004
Suwon Samsung Bluewings	4	4	1998, 1999, 2004, 2008	1996, 2006, 2014, 2015
Busan IPark	4	3	1984, 1987, 1991, 1997	1983, 1990, 1999
Ulsan Hyundai	2	8	1996, 2005	1988, 1991, 1998, 2002, 2003, 2011, 2013, 2019
Jeju United	1	5	1989	1984, 1994, 2000, 2010, 2017
Hallelujah FC	1	0	1983
Chunnam Dragons	0	1		1997
Incheon United	0	1		2005
Gyeongnam FC	0	1		2018

Gelar brdasarkan Kota / Wilayah sunting

Since 1987 season: K-League introduced home and away matches system in 1987.

City / Area	Titles	Clubs
Seoul	6	Lucky-Goldstar Hwangso (1990), FC Seoul (2010, 2012)
Seoul	6	Ilhwa Chunma (1993, 1994, 1995)
Seongnam	4	Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma (2001, 2002, 2003, 2006)
Suwon	4	Suwon Samsung Bluewings (1998, 1999, 2004, 2008)
Pohang	3	POSCO Atoms (1988, 1992), Pohang Steelers (2007)
Busan	2	Daewoo Royals (1991), Busan Daewoo Royals (1997)
Jeonbuk	2	Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors (2009, 2011)
Ulsan	2	Ulsan Hyundai Horangi (1996, 2005)
Anyang	1	Anyang LG Cheetahs (2000)
Busan+Gyeongnam	1	Daewoo Royals (1987)
Incheon+Gyeonggi	1	Yukong Kokkiri (1989)

Sponsor Gelar sunting

Start	End	Name
1983	1993	None
1994	1995	Hite
1996	1997	Rapido
1998	-	Hyundai
1999	-	Buy Korea
2000	-	Samsung DigiTall
2001	-	POSCO
2002	2008	Samsung Hauzen
2009	-	None
2010	-	Hyundai Motor Company Sonata
2011	2012	Hyundai Oilbank

Klub K-League Sepanjang Masa sunting

There have been a total of 19 member clubs in the history of the K-League - those clubs are listed below with their current names (where applicable):

K-League's principle of official statistics is that final club succeeds to predecessor club's history & records.

Club (Duration)	Owner(s)	Sponsor(s)	Note
POSCO Dolphins (1983–1984) POSCO Atoms (1985–1994) Pohang Atoms (1995–1996) Pohang Steelers (1997–present)	Pohang Steelworks in POSCO		Founded as a Semi-Professional FC on April 1973 Transferred into a Professional FC on Februari 1984
Hallelujah FC (1983–1985)	defunct Shindongah Group		Inauguration Date - 20 December 1980
Yukong Kokkiri (1983–1995) Bucheon Yukong (1996–1997.09.30) Bucheon SK (1997.10.01–2005) Jeju United (2006–present)	SK Energy^[1] in SK Group		Inauguration Date - 17 December 1982
Daewoo Royals (1983–1995) Busan Daewoo Royals (1996–1999) Pusan I'Cons (2000–2004) Busan I'Park (2005–2011) Busan IPark (2012–present)	defunct Daewoo Group (1983–1999) IPark Sports in Hyundai Development Company (2000–present)		Founded as a Semi-Professional FC in 1979 Refounded as a Professional FC Inauguration Date - 3 December 1983
Kookmin Bank FC (1983–1984)	Kookmin Bank		Played as a Semi-Professional FC
Hyundai Horang-i (1984–1995) Ulsan Hyundai Horangi (1996–2008) Ulsan Hyundai (2008–present)	Hyundai Motor Company in Hyundai Motor Group (1984–1997) Hyundai Heavy Industries in Hyundai Heavy Industries Group (1998–present)		Inauguration Date - 6 December 1983
Lucky-Goldstar Hwangso (1984–1990) LG Cheetahs (1991–1995) Anyang LG Cheetahs (1996–2003) FC Seoul (2004–present)	LG Sports in LG Group (1984–2004) GS Sports in GS Group^[2] (2004–present)		Inauguration Date - 22 December 1983
Hanil Bank FC (1984–1986)	Hanil Bank^[3]		Played as a Semi-Professional FC
Ilhwa Chunma (1989–1995) Cheonan Ilhwa Chunma (1996–1999) Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma (2000–present)	Ilhwa in Tongil Group		Inauguration Date - 18 March 1989
Jeonbuk Buffalo (1994)		Bobaesoju (1994)	Inauguration Date - 1993 Dissolution Date - 1994
Jeonbuk Dinos (1995–1996) Jeonbuk Hyundai Dinos (1997–1999) Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors (2000–present)	Consortium of Hyunyang & Hyundai Motor Company in Hyundai Motor Group and (1995–1998) Hyundai Motor Company in Hyundai Motor Group (1999–present)		Inauguration Date - 12 December 1994
Chunnam Dragons (1995–present)	Gwangyang Steelworks in POSCO		Inauguration Date - 16 December 1994
Suwon Samsung Bluewings (1996–present)	Samsung Electronics in Samsung Group		Inauguration Date - 15 December 1995
Daejeon Citizen (1997–present)	Government of Daejeon Citizen Stockholder	Kyeryong Construction Hanwha Group	Inauguration Date - 12 March 1997
Daegu FC (2003–present)	Government of Daegu Citizen Stockholder	Doosan Group Daegu Bank	Inauguration Date - 19 March 2003
Sangmu FC (1985) Gwangju Sangmu Bulsajo (2003–2007) Gwangju Sangmu FC (2008–2010) Sangju Sangmu Phoenix (2011–present)	Ministry of National Defence (1985) Government of Gwangju & Ministry of National Defence (2003–2010) Government of Sangju & Ministry of National Defence (2011–present)		Official statistics of Sangmu FC, Gwangju Sangmu, Sanju Sangmu are separated by K-League. Because They are special clubs for military service.
Incheon United (2004–present)	Government of Incheon Citizen Stockholder	Daewoo E&C Shinhan Bank GM Daewoo	Inauguration Date - 1 March 2004
Gyeongnam FC (2006–present)	Government of Gyeongsangnam-do Citizen Stockholder	STX Corporation Gyeongnam Bank	Inauguration Date - 17 January 2006
Gangwon FC (2009–present)	Government of Gangwon-do Citizen Stockholder	High1 Resort Nong Hyup	Inauguration Date - 18 December 2008
Gwangju FC (2011–present)	Government of Gwangju Citizen Stockholder	Gwangju Bank	Inauguration Date - 16 December 2010

^[1] Yokong renamed to SK Energy
^[2] GS Group is separated from LG Group
^[3] Hanil Bank is merged by Woori Bank
Note: Kokkiri means elephant, Horang-i means tiger, Hwangso means bull, Chunma means pegasus, Bulsajo means phoenix.

Franchise relocations in K-League sunting

Not Franchised Period (1983–1986): K-League Clubs had franchise but clubs played the all game of round at one stadium.
Franchised Period (1987–present): K-League introduced home and away matches system in 1987.
Clubs which are not listed in the table don't have franchise relocations.

Club	Original City / Area (Joined Year)	Not Franchised Period 1983-1986	Franchised Period 1987–present
Pohang Steelers	Daegu+Gyeongbuk (1983)	N/A	Pohang (1990 / 1988^[1]-present)
Jeju United	Seoul+Incheon+Gyeonggi (1983)	Seoul (1984)	Incheon+Gyeonggi (1987) ▶ Seoul (1991) ▶ Bucheon / Mok-dong, Seoul (1996)^[2] ▶ Bucheon (2001) ▶ Jeju (2006–present)
Busan IPark	Busan+Gyeongnam (1983)	N/A	Busan (1990 / 1989^[1]-present)
Ulsan Hyundai	Incheon+Gyeonggi (1984)	Incheon+Gyeonggi+Gangwon(1986)	Gangwon (1987) ▶ Ulsan (1990–present)
FC Seoul	Chungcheong (1984)	N/A	Chungcheong (1987) ▶ Seoul (1990) ▶ Anyang (1996) ▶ Seoul (2004–present)
Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma	Seoul (1989)	N/A	Cheonan (1996) ▶ Seongnam (2000–present)
Sangju Sangmu Phoenix	Gwangju (2003)	N/A	Gwangju (2003) ▶ Sangju (2011–present)

^[1] K-League officially began city franchise policy in 1990, But Pohang Stleeers began in 1988 and Busan I'Park began in 1989.
^[2] Actually Bucheon SK held all home matches at Mokdong Stadium in Seoul until 2000. Because Bucheon Stadium was under construction.

PEnghargaan K-League sunting

Pemain sunting

Pencetak gol sunting

Following list is all-time top scorers in the K-League. Goals are including league and league cup goals.

Per 13 April 2012.

Rank	Player	Goals
1	Lee Dong-Gook	121
2	Woo Sung-Yong	116
3	Kim Do-Hoon	114
4	Kim Hyun-Seok	110
5	Kim Eun-Jung	107
6	Saša Drakulić	104
7	Yoon Sang-Chul	101
8	Shin Tae-Yong	99
9	Dejan Damjanović	93
10	Roh Sang-Rae	76
(Italics denotes players still playing professional football, Bold denotes players still playing in the K-League).

Appearances sunting

Following list is all-time most appearances in the K-League. Appearances are including league and league cup.

Rank	Player	Appearances
1	Kim Byung-Ji	568
2	Kim Gi-Dong	501
3	Choi Eun-Sung	464
4	Woo Sung-Yong	439
5	Kim Sang-Sik	411
6	Shin Tae-Yong	401
7	Kim Hyun-Soo	383
8	Lee Woon-Jae	377
9	Kim Hyun-Seok	371
10	Kim Han-Yoon	367
(Italics denotes players still playing professional football, Bold denotes players still playing in the K-League).

Foreign Players sunting

Season	Squad	Play in match	Note
1983–1993	2	2
1994	3	2	If three players chosen to South Korea in one club, three foreign players can play.
1995	3	3
1996–2000	5	3	From 1997 season, foreign goalkeepers were restricted in play the match. * 1997 season: Two-third of all matches * 1998 season: one-third of all matches * From 1999 season: foreign goalkeepers were restricted in K-League
2001–2002	7	3	Temporary operation due to support the World Cup
2003–2004	5	3
2005	4	3
2006–2008	3	3
2009–	3+1	3+1	'+1' is Asian quota.

At the inception of the K-League in 1983, only two Brazilian players made rosters. At the time, rules allowed each club to have three foreign players and that the three could also play simultaneously in a game. From the 1996 season, each team had five foreign players among whom three could play in a game at the same time. Moreover, from the 2000 season to the 2002 season, the limit on foreign players was expanded seven but only three could play in a game at the same time. The limit was lower to five in 2003, four in 2005, and three in 2007. From the 2009 season, the number of foreign players went back up to four per team, including a slot for a player from AFC countries.

In the 1985 season, Piyapong Pue-on of Thailand led foreign players in the league in scoring and assists. Other leading players were Rade Bogdanović, who had 10 goals and 10 assists in the 1996 season. Valeri Sarychev, the K-League's most famous foreign goalkeeper, played in 320 league games from 1992 to 2004. He was eventually naturalized as a Korean citizen and given the Korean name Shin Eui-Son which means God's hand because of his stellar play.

In the 1990s, the trend was for the K-League to get foreign players from Eastern Europe like Rade Bogdanović, Radivoje Manic, Saša Drakulić and Denis Laktionov. From 2000, Brazilians became the K-League's priority such as Tavares, Mota, Nádson, Adilson and Edu. Since 2009, players from AFC have been fairly popular especially those from Australia, China PR, Japan and Uzbekistan.