Jembatan Brooklyn
Jembatan di Amerika Serikat
Jembatan Brooklyn adalah salah satu jembatan suspensi tertua di Amerika Serikat. Selesai dibangun tahun 1883, jembatan ini menghubungkan borough Manhattan dan Brooklyn di New York City melintasi Sungai East. Dengan rentangan utama sepanjang Templat:Ft to m/ID, jembatan ini adalah jembatan suspensi terpanjang di dunia sejak pembukaannya hingga 1903, serta jembatan suspensi kabel baja pertama.
Jembatan Brooklyn | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Koordinat | 40°42′20″N 73°59′47″W / 40.70569°N 73.99639°W |
| Moda transportasi | Kendaraan bermotor (mobil saja) Kereta api terangkati (hingga 1944) Mobil jalanan (hingga 1950) Pejalan kaki dan sepeda |
| Melintasi | East River |
| Lokal | New York City (Manhattan–Brooklyn) |
| Pengelola | New York City Department of Transportation |
| Karakteristik | |
| Desain | Campuran suspensi/kabel topang |
| Panjang total | 5.989 kaki (1825 m)[1] |
| Lebar | 85 kaki (26 m) |
| Bentang terpanjang | 1.595 kaki 6 inci (486.3 m) |
| Jarak dari permukaan air | 135 kaki (41 m) di pertengahan |
| Sejarah | |
| Perancang | John Augustus Roebling |
| Dibuka | 24 Mei 1883 |
| Statistik | |
| Daily traffic | 123.781 (2008)[2] |
| Tol | Gratis di kedua arah |
Jembatan Brooklyn | |
 | |
| Dibangun: | 1883 |
| Gaya arsitektur: | Gothik |
| NRHP Reference#: | 66000523 |
| Significant dates | |
| Ditambahkan ke NRHP: | 1966[3] |
| Ditetapkan NHL: | 29 Januari 1964[4] |
| Lokasi | |
 Koordinat: 40°42′20.4″N 73°59′46.8″W / 40.705667°N 73.996333°W | |
Awalnya diberi nama Jembatan New York dan Brooklyn, jembatan ini diberi sebutan Jembatan Brooklyn dalam surat untuk editor Brooklyn Daily Eagle tanggal 25 Januari 1867,[5] dan dinamai begitu oleh pemerintah kota pada 1915. Sejak pembukaannya, jembatan ini telah menjadi bagian utama dari kaki langit New York. Jembatan Brooklyn ditetapkan sebagai National Historic Landmark pada tahun 1964[4][6][7] dan National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark pada tahun 1972.[8]
Catatan kaki
sunting- ^ "NYCDOT Bridges Information". New York City Department of Transportation. Diakses tanggal 2008-08-23.
- ^ "New York City Bridge Traffic Volumes 2008" (PDF). New York City Department of Transportation. 2010. hlm. 63. Diakses tanggal 2010-07-10.
- ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. 2007-01-23. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2008-04-11. Diakses tanggal 2011-01-05.
- ^ a b "Brooklyn Bridge". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2002-11-28. Diakses tanggal 2011-01-05. Kesalahan pengutipan: Tanda
<ref>tidak sah; nama "nhlsum" didefinisikan berulang dengan isi berbeda - ^ E.P.D. (January 25, 1867). "Bridging the East River – Another Project". The Brooklyn Daily Eagle. hlm. 2. Diakses tanggal 2007-11-26.
- ^ "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination" (PDF). National Park Service. 1975-02-24. Diarsipkan dari "The Brooklyn Bridge", February 24, 1975, by James B. Armstrong and S. Sydney Bradford%5d versi asli Periksa nilai
|url=(bantuan) tanggal 2007-11-27. Diakses tanggal 2011-01-05. - ^ "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination" (PDF). National Park Service. 1975-02-24. Diarsipkan dari The Brooklyn Bridge—Accompanying three photos, from 1975.%5d versi asli Periksa nilai
|url=(bantuan) tanggal 2007-11-27. Diakses tanggal 2011-01-05. - ^ "Brooklyn Bridge". ASCE Metropolitan Section. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2009-06-01. Diakses tanggal 2010-06-30.
Bahan pustaka
sunting- Cadbury, Deborah. (2004), Dreams of Iron and Steel. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 0-00-716307-X
- Haw, Richard. (2005). The Brooklyn Bridge: A Cultural History. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press. ISBN 0-8135-3587-5
- Haw, Richard. (2008). Art of the Brooklyn Bridge: A Visual History. New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-95386-3
- McCullough, David. (1972). The Great Bridge. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-21213-3
- Odlum, Catherine {1885}. The Life and Times of Prof Robert Emmet Odlum. Washington DC. gray & Clarkson
- Strogatz, Steven. (2003). Sync: The Emerging Science of Spontaneous Order. New York: Hyperion books. 10-ISBN 0-7868-6844-9; 13-ISBN 978-0-7868-6844-5 (cloth) [2nd ed., Hyperion, 2004. 10-ISBN 0-7868-8721-4; 13-ISBN 978-0-7868-8721-7 (paper)]
- Strogartz, Steven, Daniel M. Abrams, Allan McRobie, Bruno Eckhardt, and Edward Ott. et al. (2005). "Theoretical mechanics: Crowd synchrony on the Millennium Bridge," Nature, Vol. 438, pp, 43–44.link to Nature articleMillennium Bridge opening day video illustrating "crowd synchrony" oscillations Diarsipkan 2009-06-19 di Wayback Machine.
- Trachtenberg, Alan. (1965). Brooklyn Bridge: Fact and Symbol. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-81115-8 [2nd ed., 1979, ISBN 0-226-81115-8 (paper)]
Pranala luar
sunting
Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Brooklyn Bridge.
- 360° Interactive panorama from the top of the Brooklyn Bridge
- The Brooklyn Bridge: A Study in Greatness
- NYCroads.com – Brooklyn Bridge
- Transportation Alternatives Fiboro Bridges – Brooklyn Bridge Diarsipkan 2007-06-25 di Wayback Machine.
- The story of Brooklyn Bridge – by CBS Forum
- Panorama of Brooklyn Bridge 1899 – Extreme Photo Constructions
- Structurae: Brooklyn Bridge
- Great Buildings entry for the Brooklyn Bridge
- American Society of Civil Engineers Diarsipkan 2009-06-18 di Wayback Machine.
- Railroad Extra – Brooklyn Bridge and its Railway
- Images of the Brooklyn Bridge from the Brooklyn Museum Diarsipkan 2007-06-12 di Wayback Machine.
- Brooklyn Bridge Photo Gallery Diarsipkan 2011-06-15 di Wayback Machine. with a Flash VR 360 of the Brooklyn Bridge Pedestrian Walkway Diarsipkan 2011-06-15 di Wayback Machine.
- Opening Ceremonies of the New York and Brooklyn Bridge, May 24, 1883 di Proyek Gutenberg
- Brooklyn Bridge at Historical Marker Database