Sosialisme Kristen
Sosialisme Kristen adalah suatu bentuk sosialisme religius yang berdasarkan pada pengajaran Yesus dari Nazaret. Banyak kaum sosialis Kristen yang meyakini kapitalisme sebagai pemberhalaan dan berakar pada keserakahan atau ketamakan, yang dipandang sebagai dosa berat oleh sejumlah kalangan Kristen.[1] Kaum sosialis Kristen mengidentifikasi bahwa penyebab ketidaksetaraan adalah keserakahan yang mereka kaitkan dengan kapitalisme.[1]
Sosialisme Kristen menjadi gerakan besar di Britania Raya pada permulaan 1960-an melalui Gerakan Sosialis Kristen, yang sejak 2013 dikenal sebagai Christians on the Left.[1]
Tokoh-tokoh awal lain juga dipandang sebagai sosialis Kristen misalnya penulis-penulis dari abad kesembilan belas seperti Frederick Denison Maurice (The Kingdom of Christ, 1838), John Ruskin (Unto This Last, 1862), Charles Kingsley (The Water-Babies, 1863), Thomas Hughes (Tom Brown's Schooldays, 1857), Frederick James Furnivall (salah satu pembuat Oxford English Dictionary), dan Adin Ballou (Practical Christian Socialism, 1854), serta Francis Bellamy (seorang pendeta Baptis dan pengarang Pledge of Allegiance di Amerika Serikat).
Lihat pula sunting
Catatan sunting
- ^ a b c Leech 2000, hlm. 677–678.
Referensi sunting
- Berman, David R. (2007). Radicalism in the Mountain West, 1890–1920: Socialists, Populists, Miners, and Wobblies. Boulder, Colorado: University Press of Colorado. ISBN 978-0-87081-884-4.
- Braude, Ann (1989). Radical Spirits: Spiritualism and Women's Rights in Nineteenth-Century America. Boston, Massachusetts: Beacon Press. ISBN 978-0-8070-7500-5.
- Chalamet, Christophe (2013). Revivalism and Social Christianity: The Prophetic Faith of Henri Nick and André Trocmé. Eugene, Oregon: Pickwick Publications. ISBN 978-1-61097-858-3.
- Cort, John C. (1988). Christian Socialism: An Informal History. Maryknoll, New York: Orbis Books. ISBN 978-0-88344-574-7.
- Cyranka, Daniel (2016). "Religious Revolutionaries and Spiritualism in Germany around 1848". Aries. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill Academic Publishers. 16 (1): 13–38. doi:10.1163/15700593-01601002. ((Perlu berlangganan (help)).
- Davies, John; Jenkins, Nigel; Baines, Menna; Lynch, Peredur I., ed. (2008). The Welsh Academy Encyclopaedia of Wales. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. ISBN 978-0-7083-1953-6.
- Leech, Kenneth (2000). "Socialism". Dalam Hastings, Adrian; Mason, Alistair; Pyper, Hugh. The Oxford Companion to Christian Thought. Oxford University Press. hlm. 676–678. ISBN 978-0-19-860024-4.
- Llwyd, Rhys (2015). "Plaid Cymru, Welsh Nationalism and Christianity – A Historical Perspective" (PDF). Ethics in Brief. Cambridge, England: Kirby Laing Institute for Christian Ethics. 2015 Election Series (5). Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2016-03-04. Diakses tanggal 4 June 2016.
- Norman, Edward (2002) [1987]. The Victorian Christian Socialists. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-53051-4.
- Reed, Lawrence (2015). Rendering Unto Caesar: Was Jesus a Socialist?. Atlanta, Georgia: Foundation for Economic Education. ISBN 978-1-57246-037-9.
- Ruskin, John (1872). "Unto this Last": Four Essays on the First Principles of Political Economy. New York: John Wiley & Son. Diakses tanggal 3 June 2016.
- Strube, Julian (2016a). "Socialist Religion and the Emergence of Occultism: A Genealogical Approach to Socialism and Secularization in 19th-Century France". Religion. doi:10.1080/0048721X.2016.1146926. ((Perlu berlangganan (help)).
- ⸻ (2016b). Sozialismus, Katholizismus und Okkultismus im Frankreich des 19. Jahrhunderts. Die Genealogie der Schriften von Eliphas Lévi [Socialism, Catholicism, and Occultism in Nineteenth-Century France: The Genealogy of the Writings of Eliphas Lévi]. Religionsgeschichtliche Versuche und Vorarbeiten (dalam bahasa German). 69. Berlin: De Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-047654-5.
Bacaan tambahan sunting
Sumber primer sunting
- Gray, John. The Life of Frederick Denison Maurice: Chiefly Told in His Own Letters (1885) online edition
- Kingsley, Charles. The Works of Charles Kingsley (1899) online edition
- Kingsley, Frances Eliza Grenfell. Charles Kingsley: His Letters and Memories of His Life (1877) online edition
- Leno, John Bedford. The Aftermath with Autobiography of the Author, Reeves & Turner, London 1892
- Spargo, John. Christian Socialism in America, American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 15, No. 1 (Jul., 1909), pp. 16–20.
Sumber sekunder sunting
- Bissett, Jim (1999). Agrarian Socialism in America: Marx, Jefferson, and Jesus in the Oklahoma Countryside, 1904–1920. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0-8061-3148-1.
- Bliss, William D. P., ed. (1897). "Christian Socialism". The Encyclopedia of Social Reform. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company. hlm. 251–260. Diakses tanggal 4 June 2016.
- Boyer, John W. (1995). Culture and Political Crisis in Vienna: Christian Socialism in Power, 1897–1918. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-06960-9.
- Hopkins, Charles Howard (1940). The Rise of the Social Gospel in American Protestantism, 1865–1915. Yale Studies in Religious Education. 14. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press.
- Phillips, Paul T. (1996). A Kingdom on Earth: Anglo-American Social Christianity, 1880–1940. Pennsylvania State University. ISBN 978-0-271-01580-4.
- Woodworth, Arthur V. (1903). Christian Socialism in England. London: Swan Sonnenschein & Company.
- Young, Shawn David (2010). "From Hippies to Jesus Freaks: Christian Radicalism in Chicago's Inner-City". Journal of Religion and Popular Culture. University of Toronto Press. 22 (2): 1–28. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 21 February 2013. Diakses tanggal 3 June 2016.
Pranala luar sunting
Wikiquote memiliki koleksi kutipan yang berkaitan dengan: Sosialisme Kristen.
Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Christian socialism.
- Christians on the Left (UK) – formerly the Christian Socialist Movement
- Religious Socialists Vision Statement of the Religion and Socialism Commission of the Democratic Socialists of America
- Spartacus Educational on nineteenth-century Christian socialism
- New Testament Supports Socialism
- The Bible on the Poor: Or Why God is a Liberal