Rokot
Rokot (Rusia: Рокот berarti Rumble), juga diterjemahkan Rockot, adalah sebuah peluncuran kendaraan ruang angkasa Rusia yang bisa meluncurkan muatan 1.950 kilogram menjadi 200 kilometer orbit tinggi Earth dengan kemiringan 63°. Ini adalah turunan dari rudal balistik antar benua (ICBM) UR-100N (SS-19 Stiletto), disediakan dan dioperasikan oleh Eurockot Launch Services.
Peluncuran pertama kali dimulai pada tahun 1990 dari Kosmodrom Baikonur dari silo. Kemudian peluncuran komersial dimulai dari Kosmodrom Plesetsk menggunakan jalan peluncuran khusus dibangun kembali dari satu untuk roket Kosmos-3M. Biaya peluncur itu sendiri adalah sekitar 15 juta pada tahun 1999;[1][2] Eurockot kontrak terakhir dengan ESA untuk meluncurkan Swarm pada September 2013 adalah senilai € 27.100.000 ($ 36.000.000).[3]
Tabel peluncuran sunting
| Date (UTC) | Type | Launch site | Payload | Payload type | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20 November 1990 | Rokot/Briz-K | Ba LC131 | – | experimental payload | Suborbital, success |
| 20 December 1991 | Rokot/Briz-K | Ba LC175/1 | – | experimental payload | Suborbital, success |
| 26 December 1994 | Rokot/Briz-K | Ba LC175/1 | Radio-ROSTO | Amateur radio satellite | success, first orbital mission |
| 22 December 1999 | Rokot/Briz-K | Pl LC133 | RSVN-40 | experimental payload | no launch, rocket irreparably damaged during preparation |
| 16 May 2000 | Rokot/Briz-KM | Pl LC133 | SimSat-1 and 2 | Iridium-mock-ups | success |
| 17 March 2002 | Rokot/Briz-KM | Pl LC133 | GRACE-1 and 2 | research satellite | success |
| 20 June 2002 | Rokot/Briz-KM | Pl LC133 | Iridium-97 and 98 | communication satellites | success |
| 30 June 2003 | Rokot/Briz-KM | Pl LC133 | MIMOSA, DTUsat, MOST, Cute-I, QuakeSat, AAU CubeSat, CanX-1, Cubesat XI-IV, Monitor-E mockup | NLS satellites and Monitor-E-Mockup | success |
| 30 October 2003 | Rokot/Briz-KM | Pl LC133 | SERVIS-1 | Japanese test satellite | success |
| 26 August 2005 | Rokot/Briz-KM | Pl LC133 | Monitor-E1 | earth observation satellite | success |
| 8 October 2005 | Rokot/Briz-KM | Pl LC133 | CryoSat | earth observation satellite | failure, launch terminated after 2nd stage main engine was not shut down correctly, resulting in an explosion, causing the vehicle to exceed its flight envelope limit and thereby causing the automatic termination of the launch and the re-entry of the combined Rokot 2nd stage/3rd stage/CryoSat spacecraft stack |
| 28 July 2006 | Rokot/Briz-KM | Pl LC133/3 | KOMPSAT 2 | earth observation satellite | success |
| 23 May 2008 | Rokot/Briz-KM | Pl LC133/3 | 3 Gonets, and Yubileiny[4] | success | |
| 17 March 2009 [1] | Rokot/Briz-KM | Pl LC133/3 | GOCE | ESA earth observation satellite | success |
| 6 July 2009 | Rokot/Briz-KM | Pl LC133/3 | 3 Rodnik (TBC) | success | |
| 2 November 2009 | Rokot/Briz-KM | Pl LC133/3 | SMOS, PROBA-2[5] | SMOS: ESA earth-observation satellite; PROBA-2: sun-observation satellite testing a new spacecraft platform | success |
| 2 June 2010 | Rokot/Briz-KM | Pl LC133/3 | SERVIS-2 | Japanese test satellite | success |
| 8 September 2010 | Rokot/Briz-KM | Pl LC133/3 | Gonets-M No.2 Kosmos 2467 Kosmos 2468 |
Communications satellites | success |
| 1 February 2011 | Rokot/Briz-KM | Pl LC133/3 | Geo-IK-2 No.11 | Geodesy satellite | failure, upper stage malfunction, reached lower orbit than planned. |
| 28 July 2012 | Rokot/Briz-KM | Pl LC133/3 | Gonets M-3 Gonets M-4 Kosmos 2481 MiR |
Communications satellites | success |
| 15 January 2013 | Rokot/Briz-KM | Pl LC133/3 | Kosmos 2482 Kosmos 2483 Kosmos 2484 |
Communications satellites | success |
| 11 September 2013 | Rokot/Briz-KM | Pl LC133/3 | Gonets M-5 Gonets M-6 Gonets M-7 |
Communications satellites | success |
Referensi sunting
- ^ Harvey, Brian (2007). "Launchers and engines". The Rebirth of the Russian Space Program (edisi ke-1st). Germany: Springer. ISBN 978-0-387-71354-0.
- ^ "Rokot". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Diakses tanggal 16 September 2013.
- ^ Stephen Clark (12 September 2013). "Rockot launch clears way for long-delayed ESA mission". SpaceFlightNow.com. Diakses tanggal 16 September 2013.
- ^ "Russia launches relay craft, commemorative satellite". Spaceflight Now.
- ^ "Eurockot Launch Service Provider". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2009-01-26. Diakses tanggal 2013-11-17.
Pranala luar sunting
- www.eurockot.com Website of Eurockot Launch Service Provider
- www.russianspaceweb.com/rockot.html Rockot history
- Space.com article on CryoSat launch failure
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