Letizia Bonaparte
Maria-Letizia Buonaparte[a] (née Ramolino;[b] 24 Agustus 1749[c] – 2 Februari 1836), dikenal sebagai Letizia Bonaparte, merupakan seorang bangsawati yang berasal dari Korsika, Prancis. Ia adalah ibunda Napoleon I dari Prancis, dan dikenal sebagai “Madame Mère” setelah proklamasi Kekaisaran. Ia menghabiskan masa tuanya di Roma dimana ia meninggal pada bulan Februari 1836.
Catatan sunting
- ^ Before the annexation of Corsica to France in 1768, the family used both spelling Bonaparte and Buonaparte[1] After the family fled to France in 1793, they started using exclusively the French spelling of their names[2]
- ^ sometimes spelled Romolini in italian[3]
- ^ born either in late 1749 or early 1750[4]
Referensi sunting
Kutipan sunting
- ^ Houghton Mifflin 2005, hlm. 97.
- ^ Dwyer 2014, hlm. 27.
- ^ Vita di Napoleone Buonaparte imperatore de' Francesi 1827, hlm. 12.
- ^ Tulard & Waugh 1984, hlm. 77.
Bibliografi sunting
- McLynn, F. (2011). Napoleon: A Biography. Arcade. ISBN 978-1-62872-025-9.
- de Carolis, P. (2014). Letizia R. Bonaparte, la mère de toutes les douleurs (dalam bahasa Prancis). Place des éditeurs. ISBN 978-2-259-22968-5.
- Decaux, A. (1959). Letizia, mère de l'Empereur (dalam bahasa Prancis). A. Fayard.
- Burton, J.K.; Burton, J.K.; Conner, S.P. (2007). Napoleon and the Woman Question. Texas Tech University Press. ISBN 978-0-89672-559-1.
- Tulard, J.; Waugh, T. (1984). Napoleon: The Myth of the Saviour. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-78439-5.
- Dwyer, P.G. (2014). Napoleon and Europe. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-317-88271-8.
- de Bourrienne, L.A.F. (1832). The Life of Napoleon Bonaparte. Carey and Lea.
- Dwyer, P. (2013). Citizen Emperor: Napoleon in Power (dalam bahasa Prancis). Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-16243-1.
- Williams, H.N. (2018). Revival: The Women Bonapartes vol. I (1908): The Mother and Three Sisters of Napoleon I. Routledge Revivals. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-351-34236-0.
- Falk, A. (2015). Napoleon Against Himself: A Psychobiography. Pitchstone Publishing. ISBN 978-1-939578-72-3.
- Ulbrich, C.; von Greyerz, K.; Heiligensetzer, L. (2014). Mapping the 'I': Research on Self-Narratives in Germany and Switzerland. Egodocuments and History Series. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-28397-8.
- Masson, F. (2016). Napoléon dans sa jeunesse: 1769-1793 (dalam bahasa Prancis). BnF collection ebooks. ISBN 978-2-346-10671-4.
- Roberts, A. (2014). Napoleon: A Life. Penguin Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-698-17628-7.
- Hibbert, C. (2002). Napoleon: His Wives and Women. HarperCollins.
- Lévy, M. (1852). Dictionnaire de la conversation et de la lecture (dalam bahasa Prancis). Michel Lévy Frères.
- The Riverside Dictionary of Biography. Houghton Mifflin. 2005. ISBN 978-0-618-49337-1.
- Carrington, D. (1990). Napoleon and His Parents: On the Threshold of History. Dutton. ISBN 978-0-525-24833-0.
- Vita di Napoleone Buonaparte imperatore de' Francesi (dalam bahasa Italia). 1827.
- Abjorensen, N. (2019). Historical Dictionary of Democracy. Historical Dictionaries of Religions, Philosophies, and Movements Series. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 978-1-5381-2074-3.
- Abrantès, L.J. (1834). Memoirs of Celebrated Women of All Countries. E. Churton.
- Williams, H.N. (2018). Revival: The Women Bonapartes vol. II (1908): The Mother and Three Sisters of Napoleon I. Routledge Revivals. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-351-34245-2.
- Larrey, F.H.B.; Larrey, H. (1892). Madame mère: (Napoleonis mater) (dalam bahasa Prancis). E. Dentu.
- Volkmann, J.C. (1998). Généalogies des rois et des princes. Bien connaître (dalam bahasa Prancis). Gisserot. ISBN 978-2-87747-374-3.
- Boissonnade, E. 18 Brumaire an VIII: Le coup d'Etat de Napoléon Bonaparte (dalam bahasa Prancis). Frédérique PATAT. ISBN 978-2-37324-008-5.
- Valynseele, J.; de Warren, R.; Pinoteau, H. (1954). Le sang des Bonaparte (dalam bahasa Prancis). Selbstverl.
- Decaux, A. (1962). Napoleon's Mother. Cresset Press.
Pranala luar sunting
- Marek, Miroslav. "Bonaparte Genealogy". genealogy.euweb.cz Genealogy.EU. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2020-02-17. Diakses tanggal 2021-04-30.