Hephaestion
Hephaestion (bahasa Yunani Kuno: Ἡφαιστίων Hephaistíon; s. 356 BC – 324 SM), putra dari Amyntor, adalah seorang bangsawan dan jenderal Makedonia dalam ketentaraan Aleksander Agung. Ia merupakan "... orang tersayang dari antara semua teman raja; ia dibesarkan bersama dengan Aleksander dan mengetahui semua rahasianya ."[3] Pertemanan ini berlangsung sepanjang masa hidup mereka, dan berbanding dengan Achilles dan Patroclus, baik oleh orang lain serta diri mereka sendiri.
| Hephaestion | |
|---|---|
 Kepala marmer Hephaestion, pada September 2015 disipan di Museum Getty | |
| Julukan | Patroclus |
| Lahir | s. 356 SM Pella, Makedonia |
| Meninggal | 324 SM Ecbatana[1] |
| Pengabdian | Makedonia |
| Pangkat | Jenderal, Komando ke-2 |
| Kesatuan | Somatofilakes |
| Komandan | Companion cavalry |
| Perang/pertempuran | Pengepungan Pelium, Pertempuran Thebes, Pertempuran Granicus, Pengepungan Halicarnassus, Pengepungan Miletus, Pertempuran Issus, Pengepungan Tyre (332 SM), Pengepungan Gaza, Pertempuran Gaugamela, Pertempuran Gerbang Persia, Pengepungan Aornos, Pertempuran Sungai Hydaspes, Kampanye Mallian |
| Pasangan | Drypetis (putri dinasti Achaemenid di Persia)[2] |
Catatan sunting
- ^ A. B. Bosworth; Elizabeth Baynham (2002). Alexander the Great in Fact and Fiction. Oxford University Press. hlm. 167. ISBN 978-0-19-925275-6.
- ^ Falk, Avner (1996). A Psychoanalytic History of the Jews. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. hlm. 211. ISBN 9780838636602.
Alexander married "Barsine" (Stateira), daughter of the dead Darius III; his best friend, Hephaestion, married her sister "Drypetis," whose Persian name recalls Draupadi, the Indian heroine of the Mahabharata.
- ^ Curtius 3.12.16
Referensi sunting
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- Aelian, Varia Historia
- Arrian, The Campaigns of Alexander
- Quintus Curtius Rufus, The History of Alexander
- Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica
- Diogenes Laertius, Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers: Aristotle
- Diogenes dari Sinope, Letters
- Homer, Iliad
- Horace, Epistles
- Lucian, Pro Lapsu
- Plutarch, Parallel Lives: Alexander, Eumenes
Sumber modern sunting
- Cartledge, Paul (2004) Alexander the Great: The Hunt for a New Past. London: Macmillan. ISBN 1-4050-3292-8
- Chugg, Andrew Michael (2006) Alexander's Lovers. Lightning Source UK Ltd. ISBN 978-1-4116-9960-1
- Hammond, N. G. L. (1980 2nd edition) Alexander the Great: King, Commander and Statesman. Bristol Press. ISBN 1-85399-068-X
- Hammond, N. G. L. (1997) The Genius of Alexander the Great. London: Duckworth. ISBN 0-7156-3341-4
- Heckel, Waldemar (2006) Who's Who in the Age of Alexander the Great. MA, USA: Blackwell. ISBN 1-4051-1210-7
- Lane Fox, Robin (1973) Alexander the Great. London: Allen Lane. ISBN 0-14-102076-8
- Martin, Thomas R. (2012). Alexander the Great: the story of an ancient life. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521767484
- Renault, Mary (1975) The Nature of Alexander. London: Allen Lane. ISBN 0-7139-0936-6
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- Reames, Jeanne. Hephaistion Amyntoros: Eminence Grise at the Court of Alexander the Great. Diss. The Pennsylvania State University, c1998. (abstract Diarsipkan 2010-06-22 di Wayback Machine.)
- Borza, Eugene and Jeanne Reames. Some New Thoughts on the Death of Alexander the Great, The Ancient World 31.1 (2000) 1-9.
- Bosworth, Albert Brian. Hephaistion. In: Simon Hornblower, Antony Spawforth (Hrsg.): The Oxford Classical Dictionary. 3. Aufl., Oxford University Press, Oxford 1996, ISBN 0-19-866172-X.
- Carney, Elizabeth D. Alexander the Great and the Macedonian Aristocracy. Dissertation, Duke University, 1975.
- Heckel, Waldemar. Hephaistion. In: Ders.: The Marshals of Alexander's Empire. Routledge, London 1992, ISBN 0-415-05053-7.
- Reames, Jeanne. An Atypical Affair? Alexander the Great, Hephaistion, and the Nature of Their Relationship. In: The Ancient History Bulletin 13.3 (1999), pp. 81–96.
- Reames, Jeanne. The Cult of Hephaistion. In: Cartledge, Paul, and Greenland, Fiona Rose (ed.), Responses to Oliver Stone's Alexander. Film, History, and Cultural Studies. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison 2010, ISBN 0-299-23284-0 (accessible online in Scribd.com).
- Reames, Jeanne. The Mourning of Alexander the Great, In: Syllecta Classica 12 (2001) 98-145.
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- Alexander's Tomb by Andrew M. Chugg
- Hephaestion at WCD Diarsipkan 2006-05-11 di Wayback Machine. (Wiki Classical Dictionary)
- Hephaistion - Philalexandros by Jeanne Reames
- Livius, Hephaestion Diarsipkan 2014-11-25 di Wayback Machine. by Jona Lendering
- pothos.org All about Alexander the Great