Aristander

Aristander dari Telmessos (Yunani: Αρίστανδρος ο Τελμησσεύς; lahir skt. 380 SM, paruh kedua abad ke-4 SM), ia berasal dari Karia Yunani dan merupakan Aleksander Agung peramal favorit Aleksander. Aristander berada di rombongan Filipus pada tahun 357/6, ketika ia menafsirkan mimpi dengan benar saat mengungkapkan kehamilan Olympia. Sumber kuno menempatkannya menafsirkan pertanda dari kelahiran sang penakluk sampai kematiannya. Meskipun rinciannya beragam, dan beberapa insiden bersifat fiktif, Aristander jelas merupakan kehadiran yang berpengaruh selama kampanye Aleksander, dan memainkan peran penting di dalam mengangkat semangat tentara Makedonia (kerajaan kuno). Terdapat indikasi ia menulis karya ramalan baik sebelum selama atau setelah ekspedisi, meski mungkin juga karya-karya ini dengan palsu dikaitkan.^[1]

Referensi sunting

^ Heckel, pp. 45-46. "Aristander (Aristandros). Greek from Telmessus (Telmissus), Aristander accompanied Alexander as a seer of great renown. Born perhaps ca. 380 (thus Berve ii.62), Aristander was already in Philip's entourage in 357/6, when he correctly interpreted a dream revealing Olympias' pregnancy. During Alexander's campaigns he interpreted various omens for the King: the sweating of the statue of Orpheus; the toppling of the statue of Ariobarzanes; the actions of birds of Halicarnassus (A 1.25.6-8 relating to the plot of Alexander the Lyncestian) and at Gaza and at the founding of Alexandria in Egypt; bleeding bread or dreams about Heracles at Tyre; and oil at the Oxus. Aristander's services were also sought before and at Gaugamela, the Persian Gates, at the Iaxartes. It is also said that Aristander and Cleomenes were instructed by Alexander to sacrifice on behalf of Cleitus' safety. Two other references to Aristander are almost certainly unhistorical: thirty days after Alexander's death Aristander was supposed to have predicted that the land that became home to his body would enjoy great prosperity, thus causing Ptolemy to bring it to Egypt; Aristander was also supposed to have predicted Lysimachus' kingship. Fränkel and Robinson 1929 believed that Aristander was a feature of Callisthenes' history and they attribute his disappearance after 328/7 to the historian's demise. It is more likely, however, that Aristander simply died of illness or old age during the campaign."

Sumber sunting

Berve, Helmut. Das Alexanderreich auf prosopographischer Grundlage, no. 117.
F.L. Gattinoni, "L’indovino Aristandro e l’eredità dei Telmessii", in M. Sordi (ed.), La profezia nel mondo antico (Milan 1993), 123-38. ISBN 88-343-0355-5.
Grunewalt, William Steven. "A Macedonian Mantis", AncW 5 (1982).
Heckel, Waldemar. Who's Who in the Age of Alexander the Great: Prosopography of Alexander's Empire. Blackwell Publishing, 2006. ISBN 1-4051-1210-7
King, Carole J. Alexander and Divination: Dreams, Omens, and Aristander of Telmessus in the Alexander Historians. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Brown University, 2004.
Nice, Alex. "The reputation of the mantis Aristander", Acta Classica 48 (2005) (in honorem Prof. J.E.A. Atkinson).
Plezia, M. "De Aristandri vaticinio", Eos 59 (1971) 227-30.
Robinson, C. A. "The Seer Aristander", AJP 50 (1929).
Spalding, Tim. "Aristander the Prophet and the Alexander Historians" (Presentation at the 1997 meeting of the Classical Association of the Middle West and South).

Pranala luar sunting

Wiki Classical Dictionary: Aristander of Telmessus
Pothos.org: Aristander biography by Marcus Pailing

[1] Heckel, pp. 45-46. "Aristander (Aristandros). Greek from Telmessus (Telmissus), Aristander accompanied Alexander as a seer of great renown. Born perhaps ca. 380 (thus Berve ii.62), Aristander was already in Philip's entourage in 357/6, when he correctly interpreted a dream revealing Olympias' pregnancy. During Alexander's campaigns he interpreted various omens for the King: the sweating of the statue of Orpheus; the toppling of the statue of Ariobarzanes; the actions of birds of Halicarnassus (A 1.25.6-8 relating to the plot of Alexander the Lyncestian) and at Gaza and at the founding of Alexandria in Egypt; bleeding bread or dreams about Heracles at Tyre; and oil at the Oxus. Aristander's services were also sought before and at Gaugamela, the Persian Gates, at the Iaxartes. It is also said that Aristander and Cleomenes were instructed by Alexander to sacrifice on behalf of Cleitus' safety. Two other references to Aristander are almost certainly unhistorical: thirty days after Alexander's death Aristander was supposed to have predicted that the land that became home to his body would enjoy great prosperity, thus causing Ptolemy to bring it to Egypt; Aristander was also supposed to have predicted Lysimachus' kingship. Fränkel and Robinson 1929 believed that Aristander was a feature of Callisthenes' history and they attribute his disappearance after 328/7 to the historian's demise. It is more likely, however, that Aristander simply died of illness or old age during the campaign."

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