Orthoptera: Perbedaan antara revisi

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{{Taxobox
| taxon = Orthoptera
| fossil_range= Zaman Karbon – Sekarang {{fossilrange|359|0}}
| image = Patanga_japonica.jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Patanga japonica]]''
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| ordo = '''Orthoptera'''
| authority = [[Pierre André Latreille|Latreille]], 1793
| fossil_range= Zaman Karbon – Sekarang[[Carboniferous]]–sekarang {{fossilrange|359|0}}
 
| subdivision_ranks = Subordo dan superfamilia yang masih hidup
| fossil_range= [[Carboniferous]]–[[Recent]] {{fossilrange|359|0}}
| subdivision_ranks = Extant [[suborder]]s and [[Taxonomic rank|superfamilies]]
| subdivision =
SuborderSubordo [[Ensifera]]
*[[Grylloidea]]
*[[Hagloidea]]
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*[[Stenopelmatoidea]]
*[[Tettigonioidea]]
SuborderSubordo [[Caelifera]]
*[[Acridoidea]]
*[[Eumastacoidea]]
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==Etimologi==
Nama ini diturunkan dari [[bahasa Yunani]] ''ortho'' artinya ''lurus'' dan ''ptera'' artinya ''bersayap''.
 
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==Ciri khas==
OrthopteransOrthoptera haveumumnya amempunyai generallybadang [[Cylindersilinder (geometry)|cylindricalberbentuk silinder/tabung]] body, withdengan hindkaki legsbelakang elongatedyang forlebih [[jumping]]panjang untuk meloncat. TheyMempunyai bagian havemulut [[mandible (arthropod)|mandibulate]] mouthpartsuntuk formenggigit bitingdan andmengunyah. chewingMatanya andbesar large [[compound eye]]smajemuk, anddan maydapat ormempunyai mayatau not havetanpa [[ocelli]], dependingtergantung ondari the species[[spesies]]. The [[:en:antenna (biology)|antennaeAntena]] haveberbuku multiplebanyak joints anddan berbentuk filiform type, and are of variablepanjangnya lengthberagam.<ref name=IIBD>{{cite book |author= Hoell, H.V., Doyen, J.T. & Purcell, A.H. |year=1998 |title=Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 2nd ed. |publisher= Oxford University Press |pages= 392–394|isbn= 0-19-510033-6}}</ref>
 
<!--The first and third segments of the [[Thorax (insect anatomy)|thorax]] are enlarged, while the second segment is much shorter. They have two pairs of [[insect wing|wings]], which are held overlapping the [[abdomen]] at rest. The forewings, or tegmina, are narrower than the hindwings and hardened at the base, while the hind wing is membranous, with straight veins and numerous cross-veins. At rest, the hindwings are held folded fan-like under the forewings. The final two to three segments of the abdomen are reduced, and have single-segmented [[Cercus|cerci]].<ref name=IIBD/>
 
==Life cycleSiklus hidup ==
Orthopteroid species have a paurometabolous life cycle or [[incomplete metamorphosis]]. The use of sound is generally crucial in courtship, and most species have distinct songs.<ref>{{citation |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=SHHQVehP488C&pg=PA74 |title=The practical entomologist |pages=74–75 |first=Rick |last=Imes |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=0-671-74695-2 |year= 1992 }}</ref> Most grasshoppers lay their [[egg (biology)|eggs]] in the ground or on vegetation. The eggs hatch and the young [[Nymph (biology)|nymphs]] resemble adults but lack wings and at this stage are often called ''hoppers''. They may often also have a radically different coloration from the adults. Through successive [[ecdysis|moults]] the nymphs develop wings until their final moult into a mature adult with fully developed wings.<ref name=IIBD/>
 
The number of moults varies between species; growth is also very variable and may take a few weeks to some months depending on food availability and weather conditions.
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==Orthoptera assebagai bahan makanan food==
<!--{{see also|Kosher locust}}-->
Orthoptera includemeliputi thejenis onlyserangga insectssatu-satunya consideredyang dianggap [[kosher]] indalam [[JudaismYudaisme]].<!== TheDaftarThe list of dietary laws in the [[book of Leviticus]] forbids all flying insects that walk, but makes an exception for certain [[locust|locusts]]. Strangely, the [[dragonfly]] and [[cranefly]] are not kosher, but they are helpless when unable to fly.--><ref name="Gordon">{{citation |title=The eat-a-bug cookbook |pages=3 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=sI0Zax6ljq8C&pg=PA3 |first=David George |last=Gordon |publisher=Ten Speed Press |year= 1998 |isbn=0-89815-977-6}}</ref> The [[Torah]] states the only kosher flying insects with four walking legs have knees that extend above their feet so that they hop.<ref>{{citation |url=http://bible.ort.org/books/pentd2.asp?action=displayanchor&pentid=P3008 |title=Navigating the Bible: Leviticus }}</ref><!-- Thus non-jumping orthoptera such as [[mole crickets]] are certainly not kosher.
 
==Phylogenetics==