Hong Kong: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Pemerintah Hong Kong mendukung berbagai institusi budaya seperti [[Museum Sejarah Hong Kong]], [[Museum Seni Hong Kong]], [[The Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts|Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts]], dan [[Hong Kong Philharmonic Orchestra]]. [[Departemen Layanan Rekreasi dan Budaya]] mensubsidi dan mensponsori penampil internasional yang datang ke Hong Kong. Banyak kegiatan kebudayaan internasional diselenggarakan oleh pemerintah, konsulat, dan swasta.<ref name="HeritageGovHK">{{cite web|url=http://www.heritagemuseum.gov.hk/english/gen_info.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041116010450/http://www.heritagemuseum.gov.hk/english/gen_info.htm|archivedate=16 November 2004|title=General Information|date=15 October 2009|publisher=Leisure and Cultural Services Department, Hong Kong Government |accessdate=31 August 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Arts/english/aboutus/aboutus.html|title=About the Museum|date=25 May 2010|publisher=Leisure and Cultural Services Department, Hong Kong Government |accessdate=31 August 2010}}{{dead link|date=October 2013}}</ref>
 
===Arsitektur===
{{Main|Arsitektur Hong Kong}}
{{See also|Daftar gedung tertinggi di Hong Kong}}
 
Menurut [[Emporis]], ada 1.233 gedung pencakar langit di Hong Kong, menempatkan kota ini sebagai kota dengan pencakar langit terbanyak di dunia.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.emporis.com/statistics/most-skyscraper-cities-worldwide
|title=Cities with the most skyscrapers
|publisher=[[Emporis]]
|accessdate=14 June 2012}}</ref>
[[Kepadatan penduduk]] yang tinggi ini disebabkan karena semakin sedikitnya lahan kosong yang tersedia, dan jarak rata-rata antara tepi pantai dengan pegunungan curam di Pulau Hong Kong berkisar {{convert|1.3|km|mi|abbr=on|sigfig=2}},<ref>{{cite journal
|last=Tong|first=C. O.|last2=Wong|first2=S. C.
|date=August 1997
|title=The advantages of a high density, mixed land use, linear urban development
|journal=[[Transportation (journal)|Transportation]]
|volume= 24|issue=3|pages=295–307
|doi=10.1023/A:1004987422746
}}</ref> banyak juga diantaranya dari tanah reklamasi. Kekurangan lahan ini menyebabkan berdirinya kantor-kantor dan perumahan tingkat tinggi. 36 dari 100 bangunan tempat tinggal tertinggi dunia ada di Hong Kong.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.emporis.com/statistics/tallest-residential
|title=World's Tallest Residential Towers
|publisher=Emporis
|accessdate=24 May 2009}}</ref> Lebih banyak penduduk Hong Kong yang tinggal atau bekerja di lantai 14 atau lebih, menjadikannya kota paling vertikal di dunia.<ref name="timeout">{{cite web|url=http://www.timeout.com/newyork/kids/events/things-to-do/112841/2384561/vertical-cities |title=Vertical Cities: Hong Kong/New York.|work=[[Time Out (company)|Time Out]]|date=3 August 2008 |accessdate=25 August 2010|archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20110116062733/http://newyorkkids.timeout.com/events/things-to-do/112841/2384561/vertical-cities|archivedate = 16 January 2011}}</ref><ref name="skyscraper">{{cite web|url=http://www.skyscraper.org/home.htm|title=Home page|publisher=[[Skyscraper Museum]]|date=14 July 2008|accessdate=25 August 2010}}</ref>
 
Sebagai akibat dari kekurangan lahan dan permintaan konstruksi, sedikit gedung tua yang tersisa, dan kota ini menjadi pusat arsitektur modern. [[International Commerce Centre]] (ICC), dengan ketinggian {{convert|484|m|ft|abbr=on}}, adalah gedung tertinggi di Hong Kong dan ketiga tertinggi di dunia.<!-- do not remove specification. There are different criteria used to rank the 'tallest buildings'. --><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=101555
|title=International Commerce Centre
|publisher=Emporis
|accessdate=2 September 2008}}</ref> Gedung tertinggi sebelum ICC adalah [[Two International Finance Centre]], dengan ketinggian {{convert|415|m|ft|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=2internationalfinancecentre-hongkong-china
|title=Two International Finance Centre
|publisher=Emporis
|accessdate=24 May 2009}}</ref> Gedung lain yang terkenal adalah [[Gedung kantor pusat HSBC Hong Kong]], [[Central Plaza, Hong Kong|Central Plaza]], [[The Center]]; [[A Symphony of Lights]] dan [[Menara Bank of China, Hong Kong|Menara Bank of China]]. <ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.emporis.com/en/bu/sk/st/sr/
|title=Emporis Skyline Ranking
|publisher=Emporis
|accessdate=24 May 2009}}</ref> Pemandangan Hong Kong juga sering disebut sebagai yang terbaik di dunia,<ref>{{cite web|title=The world's top 20 city skylines, CNNGo.com|url=http://www.cnngo.com/explorations/play/worlds-top-20-skylines-691351|accessdate=1 March 2011}}</ref> dengan sekelilingnya pegunungan dan [[Pelabuhan Victoria]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Best Skyline Poll|url=http://www.snappoll.com/view_results.php?poll_id=159740|accessdate=8 February 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The World's Best Skylines |url=http://homepages.ipact.nl/~egram/skylines.html |first1=Egbert |last1=Gramsbergen |author2=Paul Kazmierczak|accessdate=8 February 2008}}</ref> Kebanyakan [[Daftar gedung dan struktur tertua di Hong Kong|gedung tertua yang tersisa]], seperti [[Clock Tower, Hong Kong|Tsim Sha Tsui Clock Tower]], [[Central Police Station, Hong Kong|Central Police Station]], dan sisa-sisa [[Kowloon Walled City]] dibangun pada abad ke-19 dan awal abad 20.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Monument/en/monuments_53.php|title=Declared Monuments in Hong Kong – Hong Kong Island|publisher=Leisure and Cultural Services Department, Hong Kong Government|date=13 January 2010|accessdate=31 August 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.amo.gov.hk/en/monuments_43.php |title=Declared Monuments in Hong Kong – Kowloon Island |publisher=Leisure and Cultural Services Department, Hong Kong Government|date=13 January 2010 |accessdate=31 August 2010}}</ref><ref name="Sinn">{{cite journal |last=Sinn |first=Elizabeth |title=Kowloon Walled City: Its Origin and Early History |journal=Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society|volume=27 |pages=30–31 |year=1990 |url=http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkjo/view/4401608.pdf|accessdate=20 June 2012}}{{dead link|date=October 2013}}</ref>
 
Ada banyak pembangunan yang sedang dilakukan, termasuk pembangunan [[situs Tamar|gedung-gedung pemerintah baru]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.admwing.gov.hk/tamar/eng/background.htm |title=Tamar Development Project|publisher=Hong Kong Government |date=23 April 2010 |accessdate=17 September 2010}}{{dead link|date=October 2013}}</ref> pembangunan ulang waterfront di Central,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://centralwaterfront.designinghongkong.com/index.php?lang=eng |title=Central Waterfront Design Competition |publisher=Designing Hong Kong |accessdate=26 April 2008}}</ref> dan beberapa proyek di [[Kowloon Barat]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hab.gov.hk/wkcd/pe/eng/intro.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411091817/http://www.hab.gov.hk/wkcd/pe/eng/intro.htm|archivedate=11 April 2008 |title=West Kowloon Cultural District Public Engagement Exercise |publisher=[[Home Affairs Bureau]], Hong Kong Government |date=26 August 2008|accessdate=6 October 2010}}</ref> Banyak pengembangan baru diarahkan ke sisi lain Pelabuhan Victoria di Kowloon, semenjak penutupan [[Bandara Kai Tak]] tahun 1998.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/199807/10/0710062.htm |title=Kai Tak building height restrictions lifted |publisher=Hong Kong Government |date=10 July 1998|accessdate=26 April 2008}}</ref> [[Urban Renewal Authority]] aktif dalam menghancurkan kawasan tua, termasuk pembangunan ulang kawasan [[Kwun Tong]], pendekatan yang dikritisi karena dampaknya pada [[Budaya Hong Kong|identitas budaya]] dan masyarakat berpenghasilan menengah bawah.
 
<center>
{|
|-
| [[File:1 hongkong panorama victoria peak 2011.JPG|thumb|350px|Pemandangan dari Victoria Peak, terlihat Central, Victoria Harbour dan Kowloon (2011).|alt=panorama: looking down on a city of skyscrapers, land mass in the distance separated by a body of water.]]
| [[File:Hong Kong Skyline Restitch - Dec 2007.jpg|thumb|350px|Pemandangan dari Victoria Peak, terlihat Central, Victoria Harbour dan Kowloon di malam hari (2007).]]
|}
 
{{wide image|Kowloon_Panorama_by_Ryan_Cheng_2010.jpg|1600px|Pemandangan Kowloon dan Pulau Hong Kong}}
 
</center>
 
{{Panorama
| image = File:Hong Kong Skyline Panorama - Dec 2008.jpg
| fullwidth = 1920
| fullheight = 354
| caption = <center>Foto panorama [[Pulau Hong Kong]] di malam hari</center>
| alt = Night time city skyline with Victoria Harbour in front and low hills behind
| height = 275
}}
{{Clear}}
 
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