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[[File:Papyrus66.jpg|thumb|[[Papirus 66]], bagian dari kumpulan Papirus Bodmer]]
'''Papirus Bodmer''' ({{lang-en|Bodmer Papyri}}) adalah sekumpulan 22 naskah [[papirus]] yang ditemukan di Mesir pada tahun 1952. Dinamakan menurut [[Martin Bodmer]] yang membelinya. Naskah-naskah papirus tersebut memuat potongan-potongan dari [[Perjanjian Lama]] dan [[Perjanjian Baru]], sastra [[Kristen]] kuno, karya-karya [[Homer]] dan [[Menander]]. Naskah tertua, [[Papirus 66|P<sup>66</sup>]] bertarikh ~ tahun 200. Naskah-naskah papirus ini disimpan pada [[Bibliotheca Bodmeriana]], di [[Cologny]], [[Swiss]], di luar [[Geneva]]. Pada tahun 2007 Vatican Library memperoleh dua dari naskah-naskah tersebut, [[Papirus 74|P<sup>74</sup>]] dan [[Papirus 75|P<sup>75</sup>]], yang disimpan di [[Perpustakaan Vatikan]].
== Sejarah ==
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Kumpulan Papirus Bodmer ditemukan pada tahun 1952 di Pabau dekat Dishna, [[Mesir]], pusat kuno dari para biarawan Ordo [[Pachomius]]. Situs penemuan ini tidak jauh dari [[Nag Hammadi]], dimana [[Perpustakaan Nag Hammadi]] yang tersembunyi telah diketemukan beberapa tahun sebelumnya. Naskah-naskah ini diam-diam digabungkan oleh seorang Cypriote, Phokio Tano dari Kairo, kemudian diselundupkan ke [[Swiss]],<ref>A. H. M. Kessels and P. W. Van Der Horst, "The Vision of Dorotheus (Pap. Bodmer 29): Edited with Introduction, Translation and Notes", ''Vigiliae Christianae'' '''41'''.4 (December 1987, pp. 313-359, p 313.</ref> dan di sana dibeli oleh Martin Bodmer (1899–1971). Seri ''Papirus Bodmer'' mulai diterbitkan pada tahun 1954, dengan transkripsi teks dan catatan serta pengantar maupun terjemahan dalam bahasa Perancis. Kumpulan Papirus Bodmer sekarang disimpan di Bibliotheca Bodmeriana, di Cologny, di luar [[Jenewa]].<ref>Beberapa papirus dari sumber yang sama terluput dari Martin Bodmer dan disimpan di tempat lain. Sir [[Alfred Chester Beatty]] memperoleh beberapa di antaranya, dan yang lain berada di [[Oxford, Mississippi]], [[Cologne]] dan [[Barcelona]]. Untuk mudahnya, para ilmuwan menyebut naskah-naskah itu juga sebagai, "Papirus Bodmer". (''Anchor Bible Dictionary'').</ref> Naskah-naskah ini bukan dari penyimpanan kelompok [[Gnostisisme|gnostik]] seperti Perpustakaan Nag Hammadi, karena tidak saja memuat teks-teks Kristen, tetapi juga teks-teks non-Kristen, di dalam kumpulan 35 kitab tersebut, baik dalam [[bahasa Koptik]]<ref>Texts in the [[Bohairic]] dialect of Coptic had not previously been known older than the ninth century (6. p 51.</ref> dan dalam [[bahasa Yunani]] kuno. Jika fragmen surat-surat turut dihitung, jumlah teks invidual mencapai 50.<ref>''Anchor Bible Dictionary''.</ref> Kebanyakan naskah berupa [[codex]] (kitab jilidan), sedikit yang berupa [[gulungan]]. Tiga naskah ditulis di atas lembaran [[perkamen]].
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Books V and VI of Homer's ''[[Iliad]]'' (P<sup>1</sup>), and three comedies of [[Menander]] (''[[Dyskolos]]'' (P<sup>4</sup>), ''[[Samia (play)|Samia]]'' and ''[[Aspis (play)|Aspis]]'') appear among the Bodmer Papyri, as well as gospel texts: [[Papirus 66]] (P<sup>66</sup>), is a text of the [[Gospel of John]],<ref>John 1:1-6:11, 6:35b-14:26 and fragments of forty other pages of John 14-21.</ref> dating around 200CE, in the manuscript tradition called the [[Alexandrian text-type]]. Aside from the papyrus fragment in the [[Rylands Library Papyrus P52]], it is the oldest testimony for John; it omits the passage concerning the moving of the waters (John 5:3b-4) and the [[pericope adulterae|pericope of the woman taken in adultery]] (John 7:53-8:11). P<sup>72</sup> is the earliest known copy of the [[Epistle of Jude]], and 1 and 2 Peter. [[Papirus 75]] (P<sup>75</sup>) is a partial codex containing most of Luke and John. Comparison of the two versions of John in the Bodmer Papyri with the third-century [[Chester Beatty Papyri]] convinced Floyd V. Filson that "...there was no uniform text of the Gospels in Egypt in the third century."<ref>"A comparison of all three, which had their origins in Egypt, shows that there was no uniform text of the Gospels in Egypt in the third century." (Filson 1962: 52).</ref>
There are also Christian texts that would become declared [[apocrypha]]l in the fourth century, such as the ''[[Infancy Gospel of James]]''. There is a Greek-Latin [[lexicon]] to some of Paul's letters, and there are fragments of [[Melito of Sardis]]. Among the works is a Christian ''Vision of Dorotheus'', son of "Quintus the poet" assumed to be the pagan poet [[Quintus Smyrnaeus]], written in archaising [[Homer]]ic [[hexameter]]s, the earliest Christian hexameter poem ([[Papirus 29|P<sup>29</sup>]]). The earliest extant copy of the [[Third Epistle to the Corinthians]] is published in ''Papirus Bodmer X''.
The collection includes some non-literary material, such as a collection of letters from the abbots of the monastery of Saint Pachomius, raising the possibility that the unifying circumstance in the collection is that all were part of a monastic library.<ref>Kessels and Van der Horst 1987:214.</ref>
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== Vatican acquisition ==
Plans announced by the Foundation Bodmer in October 2006<ref>[http://archiv.twoday.net/stories/2866554/ Sale of Bodmer Papyri]</ref> to sell two of the manuscripts for millions of dollars, to capitalize the library, which opened in 2003, drew consternation from scholars around the world, fearing that the unity of the collection would be broken.
Then, in March 2007 it was announced the Vatican had acquired the Papirus Bodmer XIV-XV (P<sup>75</sup>), which is believed to contain the world's oldest known written fragment from the [[Gospel of Luke]], the earliest known [[Lord's Prayer]], and one of the oldest written fragments from the [[Gospel of John]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ewtn.com/library/SCRIPTUR/bodmerpapyrus.HTM |title=Bodmer Papyrus: History Becomes Reality |publisher=Ewtn.com |date= |accessdate=2013-06-04}}</ref>
The papyri had been sold for an undisclosed "significant" price to [[Frank Hanna III]], of Atlanta, Georgia. In January 2007, Hanna presented the papyri to the Pope. They are kept in the Vatican Library and will be made available for scholarly review, and in the future, excerpts may be put on display for the general public. They were transported from Switzerland to the Vatican in "An armed motorcade surrounded by people with machine guns."<ref>[http://dsc.discovery.com/news/2007/03/05/gospel_arc.html "Earliest Gospels Acquired by Vatican"], by Jennifer Viegas, ''Discovery News'', March 5, 2007</ref>
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*[[Daftar Papirus Perjanjian Baru]]
* [[Bodmer Library]]
==Catatan ==
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==Referensi ==
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* [http://web.archive.org/web/20110605125448/http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/~pietersm/Bodmer%20Papyri%20(ABD).pdf The Anchor Bible Dictionary (Doubleday 1992) Volume 1, 766-767]
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