Kalender Baha'i: Perbedaan antara revisi

'''Kalender Bahá'í''', juga disebut '''kalenderKalender Badí‘''' (''badí‘'' artinya ''menakjubkan'' atau ''unik'' <ref>Buck, Christopher and Melton, J. Gordon (2011). “[http://bahai-library.com/pdf/b/buck_celebrations_bahai_calendar.pdf Bahā’ī Calendar and Rhythms of Worship].” ''Religious Celebrations: An Encyclopedia of Holidays, Festivals, Solemn Observances, and Spiritual Commemorations''. By J. Gordon Melton, with James A. Beverley, Christopher Buck, and Constance A. Jones. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. (1:79–86.).</ref>), digunakan oleh penganut [[BábismBábisme]] dan [[Bahá'í Faith]], merupakanadalah suatu sistem [[kalender solarsurya]] dengan tahun-tahun biasa sepanjangterdiri dari 365 hari, dan [[tahun kabisat]], terdiri dari 366 hari. Satu tahun terdiridibagi dariatas 19 bulan, masing-masing denganterdiri dari 19 hari, (361 hari) ditambah suatu periode extratambahan "[[:en:Intercalation (timekeeping)|IntercalaryHari-hari DaysIntercalary]]" (4 pada tahun biasa dan 5 pada tahun kabisat). <!-- Years in the calendar begin at the [[vernal equinox]], and are counted with the [[Calendar era|date notation]] of BE (Bahá'í Era), with 21 March 1844 [[Common Era|CE]] being the first day of the first year, the year the [[Báb]] proclaimed his religion.<ref name="Smith-calendar">{{cite encyclopedia |last= Smith |first= Peter |encyclopedia= A concise encyclopedia of the Bahá'í Faith |title= calendar |year= 2000 |publisher=Oneworld Publications |location= Oxford |isbn= 1-85168-184-1 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=pYfrAQAAQBAJ |pages= 98–100}}</ref> The period from 21 March {{JULIANDAY.YEAR |{{#expr:{{CURRENTJULIANDAY}}-79 }}}} to 20 March {{JULIANDAY.YEAR |{{#expr:{{CURRENTJULIANDAY}}+286 }}}} is the year {{#expr:{{JULIANDAY.YEAR |{{#expr:{{CURRENTJULIANDAY}}-79 }}}}-1843}} BE. At present, the Bahá'í calendar is synchronized to the [[Gregorian calendar]], meaning that the extra day of a leap year occurs simultaneously in both calendars. The Badi calendar was implemented during the Bábí faith and then adapted in the Bahá'í Faith.

Years in the Bahá'í calendar are counted from Thursday, 21 March 1844, the beginning of the Bahá'í [[Calendar era|Era]] or Badí‘ Era (abbreviated ''BE'' or ''B.E.'').<ref name="start">{{cite web | url = http://www.bcca.org/bahaivision/docs/today.html | title = A Day in the Bahá'í Calendar | date = 2004-03-06 | accessdate = 2006-09-24 | publisher = bcca.org | first = Larry | last = Curtis| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20061002101423/http://www.bcca.org/bahaivision/docs/today.html| archivedate= 2 October 2006 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> Year 1 BE thus began at sundown 20 March 1844. Using the Bahá'í names for the weekday and month, day one of the Bahá'í Era was ''Istijlál'' (Majesty), 1 ''Bahá'' (Splendour) 1 BE. As detailed below, the names of the Bahá'í months and days reflect attributes of God.<ref name="bahai-us">{{cite web | url = http://www.bahai.us/bahai-calendar | title = The Bahá'í Calendar | accessdate = 2006-09-24 | publisher = bahai.us | author = National Spiritual Assembly of the United States | date = 2006-03-05| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20060928212500/http://www.bahai.us/bahai-calendar| archivedate= 28 September 2006 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> William Miller's polemical work against the Bahá'í Faith claims that the date the calendar was to begin was 1850 CE though most sources agree the date was with the [[Báb#Declaration to Mullá Husayn|Declaration of the Bab to Mullá Husayn]], on the evening of May 22, 1844 CE.<ref>{{cite book| last = Bayat | first = Mangol | title =Mysticism and Dissent: Socioreligious Thought in Qajar Iran| publisher =Syracuse University Press | series =Modern Intellectual and Political History of the Middle East | edition =reprint | year =2000 | page =88 | url =http://books.google.com/books?id=5A90fE_96ToC&lpg=PA108&ots=1i_QVVfswX&pg=PA88#v=onepage&q&f=false | isbn = 978-0-8156-2853-8}}</ref>

TheMinggu Bahá'í weekdimulai startspada onhari SaturdaySabtu, anddan berakhir endspada onhari FridayJumat.<ref name="vahid0">{{cite book | url = http://bahai-library.com/shoghieffendi_statistics_1844-1950 | first = Shoghi | last = Effendi | authorlink = Shoghi Effendi | title = The Bahá'í Faith: 1844-1950 | location = [[Wilmette, Illinois]] | publisher = Bahá'í Publishing Committee | year = 1950 }}</ref> <!--Like [[Judaism]] and [[Islam]], days begin at sunset on the previous [[solar time|solar day]] and end at sunset of the present solar day. Bahá'í writings indicate that Friday is to be kept as a day of rest.<ref name="log">{{cite journal|title=Letter written on behalf of the Guardian to an individual believer|date=1939-07-10|journal=[[Bahá'í News]]|issue=162, April 1943|page=5}} In {{cite book | first = Shoghi | last = Effendi | authorlink = Shoghi Effendi | coauthors = [[Bahá'u'llah]], [['Abdu'l-Bahá]], The Universal House of Justice | editor = Hornby, Helen | year = 1983 | title = Lights of Guidance: A Bahá'í Reference File | publisher = Bahá'í Publishing Trust | location = [[New Delhi, India]] | isbn = 978-81-85091-46-4 | url = http://bahai-library.com/hornby_lights_guidance&chapter=2#n372 | page = 109 | quote = III. Bahá'í: E. Miscellaneous Subjects: 372. Friday is Day of Rest in Bahá'í Calendar. | accessdate = 2009-03-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | title = Religious Holidays and Calendars: An Encyclopedic Handbook | author = Bellenir, Karen | edition = 3rd | publisher = Omnigraphics | year = 2004 | isbn = 0-7808-0665-4 | page = 154 }}</ref> The practice of keeping Friday as a day of rest is currently not observed in all countries; for example, in the UK, the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís confirmed it does not currently keep this practice.<ref name="UK_rest">National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United Kingdom. [http://www.faithwales.co.uk/media/images/GC-26330_Council_for_Wales_Friday_rest_day.pdf Letter from the NSA to the Bahá’í Council for Wales] Retrieved July 11, 2014.</ref>

! ArabicNama NameArab<ref name="Smith-calendar" /> !! ArabicTulisan ScriptArab !! EnglishTerjemahan TranslationInggris<ref name="vahid0" /> !! DayNama of the Weekhari<ref name="Smith-calendar" />

| Jalál || جلال || Glory || SaturdaySabtu

| Jamál || جمال || Beauty || SundayMinggu

| Kamál || كمال || Perfection || MondaySenin

| Fiḍál || فضال || Grace || TuesdaySelasa

| ‘Idál || عدال || Justice || WednesdayRabu

| Istijlál || استجلال || Majesty || ThursdayKamis

| Istiqlál || استقلال || Independence || FridayJumat

There are eleven holy days in the Bahá'í calendar; on nine of these holy days, work is suspended.<ref name="nsausa">{{cite web | title = The Badi Calendar | url = http://www.bahai.us/system/files/BahaiCalendarOptimized.pdf | accessdate = 2006-09-23 | publisher = bahai.us | author = National Spiritual Assembly of the United States | date = 2006-03-05| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20060928212618/http://www.bahai.us/system/files/BahaiCalendarOptimized.pdf| archivedate= 28 September 2006 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> The Festival of [[Ridván]], a twelve day festival that commemorates Bahá'u'lláh's announcement of prophethood, is the most holy Bahá'í festival and is referred to as the "Most Great Festival."<ref name="ridvan">{{cite web | title = Ridvan | first = John | last = Walbridge | url = http://bahai-library.com/walbridge_encyclopedia_ridvan | date = 2003-10-02 | accessdate = 2006-09-23}}</ref>

==Cycles Siklus ==

<!--Also existing in the Bahá'í calendar system is a 19-year cycle called Váḥid and a 361-year (19x19) supercycle called Kull-i-<u>Sh</u>ay’ (literally, "All Things").<ref name="vahid0" /> Each of the 19 years in a Vahid has been given a name as shown in the table below.<ref name="vahid0" /> The 9th Váḥid of the 1st Kull-i-<u>Sh</u>ay’ started on 21 March 1996, and the 10th Váḥid will begin in 2015.<ref name="vahid">{{cite web | url = http://bahai-library.com/bolhuis_kull_shay | title = The first Kull-i-Shay' of the Bahá'í Era | first = Arjen | last = Bolhuis | accessdate = 2006-09-23 | date = 2006-03-23}}</ref> The current Bahá'í year, year 171 BE (21 March 2014 - 20 March 2015), is year Váḥid (Unity) of the 9th Váḥid of the 1st Kull-i-<u>Sh</u>ay’.<ref name="vahid" /> The 2nd Kull-i-<u>Sh</u>ay’ will begin in 2205.<ref name="vahid" />

! No. !! Nama Persia !! Tulisan ArabArabi !! Terjemahan InggrisIndonesia

| 3 || Ab || أب || FatherBapa

| 5 || Báb || باب || GateGerbang

| 7 || Abad || أبد || EternityKekekalan

| 8 || Jád || جاد || GenerosityMurah hati

| 9 || Bahá' || بهاء || SplendourMewah

| 10 || Ḥubb || حب || LoveKasih

| 11 || Bahháj || بهاج || DelightfulBersukacita

| 12 || Javáb || جواب || AnswerJawaban

| 13 || Aḥad || احد || SingleTunggal

| 14 || Vahháb || وﻫﺎب || BountifulMelimpah

| 15 || Vidád || وداد || AffectionKasih sayang

| 16 || Badí‘ || بدیع || BeginningPermulaan

| 17 || Bahí || بهي || LuminousBercahaya

| 18 || Abhá || ابهى || MostPaling Luminousbercahaya

| 19 || Váḥid || واحد || UnityPersatuan

*[[19 (numberangka)]]

== Referensi ==

== Pranala luar ==

[[Category:Kalender surya]]

[[Category:BahaBahá'í practices|Calendar]]