Daftar sultan Utsmaniyah: Perbedaan antara revisi

| coatofarmssize =

| coatofarmscaption = '''[[Lambang Kesultanan Utsmaniyah|Lambang Kesultanan]]'''

| first_monarch = [[Osman I|Osman Gazi]]

| last_monarch = [[Mehmed VI]]

| ended = 1 November 1922

}}

Para sultan [[Kesultanan Utsmaniyah|Dinasti Utsmaniyah]] menguasai wilayah kekuasaan transkontinental yang sangat luas mulai dari tahun 1299 hingga 1922. Pada puncak kejayaannya, [[Kesultanan Utsmaniyah]] berkuasa mulai dari [[Hongaria]] hingga ke bagian utara [[Somalia]] di sebelah selatan, dan dari [[Aljazair]] di sebelah barat hingga [[Irak]] di sebelah timur. Ibukotanya mula-mula adalah [[Bursa]] di [[Anatolia]], kemudian dipindahkan ke [[Edirne]] pada tahun 1366 dan ke [[Konstantinopel]] atau [[Istanbul]] pada tahun 1453 setelah [[Kejatuhan Konstantinopel]] [[Kekaisaran Bizantium]]<ref>[[#Sta01|Stavrides 2001]], p. 21</ref>

<!--The Ottoman Empire's [[Rise of the Ottoman Empire|early years]] have been the subject of varying narratives due to the difficulty of discerning fact from legend; nevertheless, most modern scholars agree that the empire came into existence around 1299 and that its first ruler was [[Osman I]] [[Khan (title)|Khan]] (leader) of the [[Kayı tribe]] of the [[Oghuz Turks]].<ref>[[#Gla96|Glazer 1996]], "The Ottoman Empire"</ref> The Ottoman Dynasty he founded was to endure for six centuries through the reigns of 36 sultans. The Ottoman Empire disappeared as a result of the defeat of the [[Central Powers]] with whom it had allied itself during [[World War I]]. The [[Partitioning of the Ottoman Empire|partitioning of the empire]] by the victorious [[Allies of World War I|Allies]] and the ensuing [[Turkish War of Independence]] led to the birth of the modern [[Turkey|Republic of Turkey]].<ref>[[#Gla96|Glazer 1996]], "War of Independence"</ref>

 

== [[Ottoman State|Ottoman State Organization]] ==

 

== Daftar sultan ==

Tabel di bawah ini berisi informasi para sultan Utsmaniyah, juga kalifah Utsmaniyah, diurutkan berdasarkan kronologi. [[Tughra]] adalah lambang atau tanda kaligrafi yang digunakan oleh para sultan Utsmaniyah yang dituliskan pada semua dokumen resmi dan uang koin, dan lebih melambangkan sang sultan daripada portret sang sultan. Kolom "Catatan" berisi informasi mengenai orangtua dan nasib tiap sultan. Bila pemerintahan seorang sultan tidak berakhir dengan kematian wajar, alasannya ditandai dengan cetak tebal. <!--For earlier rulers, there is usually a time gap between the moment a sultan's reign ended and the moment his successor was enthroned. This is because the Ottomans in that era practiced what historian Quataert has described as "[[survival of the fittest]], not eldest, son": when a sultan died, his sons had to fight each other for the throne until a victor emerged. Because of the infighting and numerous [[Fratricide|fratricides]] that occurred, a sultan's death date therefore did not always coincide with the accession date of his successor.--><ref>[[#Qua05|Quataert 2005]], p. 91</ref> Pada tahun 1617, hukum pergantian keturunan dalam Kesultanan ini diubah dari "siapa yang kuat akan menang" menjadi suatu sistem yang didasarkan atas tingkat senioritas ''agnatik'' (''ekberiyet''), yaitu tahta akan diteruskan oleh laki-laki tertua dalam keluarga. Ini menyebabkan sejak abad ke-17 sultan yang meninggal jarang digantikan oleh putranya, tetapi biasanya oleh seorang paman atau saudara laki-laki.<ref>[[#Qua05|Quataert 2005]], p. 92</ref> Sistem "senioritas agnatik" (''agnatic seniority'') dipertahankan sampai pembubaran kesultanan, meskipun pada abad ke-19 ada usaha yang gagal untuk mengganti dengan sistem "primogeniture" (keturunan tertua).<ref>[[#Kar05|Karateke 2005]], pp. 37–54</ref>

 

(''The God-like One'')

</small><br /><small>(Sultan since 1383)</small>

| 1362

| [[Pertempuran Kosovo|15 Juni 1389]]

| —

| [[Süleyman Çelebi|<small>Emir ''(Amir)''</small><br />Süleyman Çelebi]]<br /><small>''The First Sultan of [[Rumelia]]''</small>

| [[Pertempuran Ankara|20 Juli 1402]]

| [[17 Februari]] [[1411]]<ref> Nicholae Jorga: ''Geschishte des Osmanichen'' (Trans :Nilüfer Epçeli) Vol 1 Yeditepe yayınları, İstanbul,2009,ISBN 975-6480-17-3 p 314</ref>

 

== Lihat pula ==

*[[Kesultanan Utsmaniyah]]

*[[Dinasti Utsmaniyah]] <!--

*[[List of Ottoman Kaptan Pashas]]

 

<div class="references-small">

:'''a'''{{note label|Titles||1}}{{note label|Titles||2}}: The [[Ottoman titles|full style]] of the Ottoman ruler was complex, as it was composed of several titles and evolved over the centuries. The title of [[sultan]] was used continuously by all rulers almost from the beginning. However, because it was widespread in the Muslim world, the Ottomans quickly adopted variations of it to dissociate themselves from other Muslim rulers of lesser status. [[Murad I]], the third Ottoman monarch, styled himself ''sultan-i azam'' (the most exalted sultan) and ''hüdavendigar'' (emperor), titles used by the Anatolian [[Seljuq dynasty|Seljuqs]] and the Mongol [[Ilkhanate|Ilkhanids]] respectively. His son [[Bayezid I]] adopted the style ''Sultan of Rûm'', [[Rûm]] being an old islamic name for Anatolia. The combining of the Islamic and Central Asian heritages of the Ottomans led to the adoption of the title that became the standard designation of the Ottoman ruler: ''Sultan [Name] Khan''.<ref>[[#Pei93|Peirce 1993]], pp. 158–159</ref> Ironically, although the title of sultan is most often associated in the [[Western world]] with the Ottomans, people within Turkey generally use the title of ''[[padishah]]'' far more frequently when referring to rulers of the Ottoman Dynasty.<ref>{{cite journal | last = M'Gregor | first = J. | year = 1854 | month = July | title = The Race, Religions, and Government of the Ottoman Empire | journal = The Eclectic Magazine of Foreign Literature, Science, and Art | volume = 32 | pages = p. 376 | publisher = Leavitt, Trow, & Co. | location = New York | oclc = 6298914 | url = http://books.google.com/?id=1MYRAAAAYAAJ&printsec=toc#PPA376,M1 | accessdate = 2009-04-25}}</ref> The full style of the Ottoman sultan once the empire's frontiers had stabilized became:<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.theottomans.org/english/family/index.asp | title = The Ottomans History | accessdate = 2009-02-06 | last = Ozgen | first = Korkut | publisher = TheOttomans.org | archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20080111092617/http://www.theottomans.org/english/family/index.asp | archivedate = 2008-01-11}}</ref><blockquote>"Sovereign of [[Ottoman Dynasty|The Osman Family]], [[Sultan of Sultans|Sultan es Selatin]] (Sultan of Sultans), [[Khagan|Khakhan]] (Khan of the Khans), [[Ottoman Caliphate|Caliph of the Faithful]], Servant of the Cities of [[Mecca]], [[Medina]] and [[Jerusalem#Ottoman rule|Kouds]] (Jerusalem), [[Padishah]] of The Three Cities of [[History of Istanbul#Ottoman Empire|Istanbul]] (Constantinople), [[Edirne]] (Adrianople) and [[Bursa]], and of the Cities of [[Damascus#The Ottoman conquest|Châm]] (Damascus) and [[Egypt Province, Ottoman Empire|Misr]] (Egypt), of all [[Azerbaijan]], of Mägris, of [[Barqah|Barkah]], of [[Kairouan]], of [[Aleppo|Alep]], of [[History of Iraq#Ottoman Iraq and Mamluk rule|Iraq]], of [[Arabian Peninsula|Arabia]] and of [[Ajim]], of [[Basra Vilayet|Basra]], of [[Al-Hasa|El Hasa]], of Dilen, of [[Ar-Raqqah|Raka]], of [[Mosul Vilayet|Mosul]], of [[Parthia]], of [[Diyâr-ı Bekr Vilayet|Diyarbakir]], of [[Cilicia#Ottoman Empire|Cilicia]], of the [[Wilayah|Vilayets]] of [[Erzurum Vilayet|Erzurum]], of [[Sivas Vilayet|Sivas]], of [[Adana Vilayet|Adana]], of [[Karaman Vilayet|Karaman]], of [[Van Vilayet|Van]], of Barbaria, of [[Habesh|Habech]] (Abyssinia), of [[History of Ottoman era Tunisia|Tunisia]], of [[Tripolitania Vilayet|Tyrabolos]] (Tripoli), of [[Ottoman Syria|Châm]] (Syria), of [[Cyprus under the Ottoman Empire|Kybris]] (Cyprus), of [[Rhodes]], of [[History of Crete#Venetian and Ottoman Crete|Candia]] (Crete), of the Vilayet of [[Morea]] (Peloponnese), of [[Mediterranean Sea|Ak Deniz]] (Mediterranean Sea), of [[Black Sea|Kara Deniz]] (Black Sea), of [[Anatolia Province, Ottoman Empire|Anatolia]], of [[Rumelia]] (the European part of the Empire), of [[Baghdad Province, Ottoman Empire|Bagdad]], of [[Kurdistan]], of [[Ottoman Greece|Greece]], of [[Turkestan]], of [[Tartary]], of [[Circassia]], of the two regions of [[Kabardino-Balkaria|Kabarda]], of [[History of Georgia (country)#Ottoman and Persian domination|Gorjestan]] (Georgia), of the plain of [[Kipchaks|Kypshak]], of the whole country of the [[Tatars|Tartars]], of [[Feodosiya#Kefe|Kefa]] (Feodosiya) and of all the neighbouring countries, of [[Bosnia Province, Ottoman Empire|Bosnia and dependancies]], of the City of [[Belgrade#Turkish conquest and Austrian invasions|Belgrade]], of the [[History of Ottoman Serbia|Vilayet of Serf]] (Serbia), with [[List of fortresses in Serbia|all the castles]] and [[List of cities in Serbia|cities]], of all the [[History of Ottoman Albania|Arnaut Vilayet]] (Albania), of all [[Wallachia|Iflak]] (Wallachia) and [[Moldavia|Bogdania]] (Moldavia), as well as [[Vassal and tributary states of the Ottoman Empire#List|all the dependancies and borders]], and [[List of Ottoman Empire territories|many others countries and cities]]"</blockquote>

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*{{cite book

 

== Pranala luar ==

| url = http://www.osmanli700.gen.tr/english/engindex.html

| title = Website of the 700th Anniversary of the Ottoman Empire

| accessdate = 2009-02-06}}

| url = http://www.ottomanfamily.com/

| title = Official website of the immediate living descendants of the Ottoman Dynasty