Orang Kurdi: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
k Bot: Penggantian teks otomatis (- di zaman + pada zaman) |
Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan |
||
Baris 1:
{{rapikan}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
|group = Kurds<br/>کورد, Kurd
|image = {{image array|perrow=5
| image1 = Saladin2.jpg | caption1 = [[Saladin]]
| image2 = Nizami Rug Crop.jpg | caption2 = [[Nizami Ganjavi|Nizami]]
| image3 = Al-jazari elephant clock.png | caption3 = [[al-Jazari]]
| image4 = Maler der Geschichte von Bayâd und Riyâd 002.jpg | caption4 = [[Ziryab]]
| image5 = ჩობან აღა.png | caption5 = [[Sharaf Khan Bidlisi]]
| image6 = Qazi Muhammad.jpg | caption6 = [[Qazi Muhammad]]
| image7 = Said Nurs.jpg | caption7 = [[Said Nursi]]
| image8 = IhsannuriYashar.jpg| caption8 = [[Ihsan Nuri]]
| image9 = Simko Sikaki.jpg| caption9 = [[Simko Shikak]]
| image10 = Kurdish Poet - Mahwi.jpg| caption10 = [[Mahwi]]
| image11 = Mustafa Yamulki.jpg| caption11 = [[Mustafa Yamulki]]
| image12 = Ostad Elahi 1.jpg|right | caption12 = [[Ostad Elahi]]
| image13 = Mustafa_Barzani.jpg|right | caption13 = [[Mustafa Barzani]]
| image14 = MosheBarazani.jpg | caption14 = [[Moshe Barazani]]
| image15 = Jalal Talabani.jpg | caption15 = [[Jalal Talabani]]
| image16 = Dilsa Demirbag-Sten.JPG | caption16 = [[Dilsa Demirbag Sten]]
| image17 = Mesud Barzani.jpg | caption17 = [[Massoud Barzani]]
| image18 = Saleh Muslim.jpg | caption18 = [[Saleh Muslim]]
| image19 = Zaro Agha. (ca. 1923-1939).jpg| caption19 = [[Zaro Aga]]
| image20 = Sanjabi11.jpg| caption20= [[Karim Sanjabi]]
| image21 = Suad Husni.jpg| caption21 = [[Soad Hosny]]
| image22 = Seyid Riza with his sons.jpg | caption22 = [[Seyid Riza]]
| image23 = Dr Widad Akrawi UN BMS2010 DI.png| caption23 = [[Widad Akrawi]]
| image24 = Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf.jpg| caption24 = [[Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf]]
| image25 = Ahmet Kaya.jpg| caption25 = [[Ahmet Kaya]]
| image26 = Leyla zana.jpg| caption26 = [[Leyla Zana]]
| image27 = Azad bonni.jpg | caption27 = [[Azad Bonni]]
| image28 = Shahram Nazeri.jpg | caption28 = [[Shahram Nazeri]]
| image29 = BahmanGhobadi.JPG | caption29 = [[Bahman Ghobadi]]
| image30 = 080603 Derdiyok.jpg | caption30 = [[Eren Derdiyok]]
}}
|pop = estimated '''30'''<ref name=CIA2>CIA - The World Factbook: 14 million in Turkey (18%)[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tu.html], 4.7–6.2 million in Iraq (15–20%)[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/iz.html], 7.9 million in Iran(10%)[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ir.html] (all for 2012), plus several million in Syria, neighboring countries, and the diaspora</ref> to '''38''' million<ref name=KHRP>''The Kurds: culture and language rights'' (Kerim Yildiz, Georgina Fryer, Kurdish Human Rights Project; 2004): 18% of Turkey, 20% of Iraq, 8% of Iran, 9.6%+ of Syria; plus 1–2 million in neighboring countries and the diaspora</ref><ref name="Mackey">Sandra Mackey , “The reckoning: Iraq and the legacy of Saddam”, W.W. Norton and Company, 2002. Excerpt from pg 350: “As much as 25% of Turkey is Kurdish.”</ref>
|region1 = <div style="font-size:115%">'''Traditional areas of Kurdish settlement'''</div>
|region2 = {{spaces|2}}{{flagcountry|Turkey}}
|pop2 = 11–18.6 million <br/>15.7–25%
|ref2 = <ref name=CIA2/><ref name=KHRP/><ref name="Mackey"/><ref name=KONDA>[http://www.radikal.com.tr/Radikal.aspx?aType=RadikalDetayV3&ArticleID=913650&CategoryID=104 Kürtlerin nüfusu 11 milyonda İstanbul"da 2 milyon Kürt yaşıyor – Radikal Dizi]. Radikal.com.tr. Retrieved on 2013-07-12.</ref>
|region3 = {{spaces|2}}{{flagcountry|Iran}}
|pop3 = 6.5–7.9 million <br/>7–10%
|ref3 = <ref name=CIA2/><ref name=KHRP/>
|region4 = {{spaces|2}}{{flagcountry|Iraq}}
|pop4 = 6.2–6.5 million <br/>15–23%
|ref4 = <ref name=CIA2/><ref name=KHRP/>
|region5 = {{spaces|2}}{{flagcountry|Syria}}
|pop5 = 2.2–3 million <br/>9–15%
|ref5 = <ref name=KHRP/><ref>[https://ojcs.siue.edu/ojs/index.php/ssa/article/view/1818/496 Studying the Kurds in Syria: Challenges and Opportunities | Lowe | Syrian Studies Association Bulletin]. Ojcs.siue.edu. Retrieved on 2013-07-12.</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=John L. |last=Henriques |title=Syria: issues and historical background |publisher= Nova Science Publishers, |url=http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&tbo=1&tbm=bks&q=+Estimates+of+the+number+of+Kurds+in+Syria+vary+widely%2C+but+they+are+believed+to+compose+about+9+percent+of+the+population&aq=f&aqi=&aql=&oq= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.opendemocracy.net/zana-khasraw-gul/where-are-syrian-kurds-heading-amidst-civil-war-in-syria|title=Where are the Syrian Kurds heading amidst the civil war in Syria?|last=Gul|first=Zana Khasraw|date=22 July 2013|publisher=Open Democracy|accessdate=4 November 2013}}</ref>
|region7 = {{spaces|2}}{{flagcountry|Azerbaijan}}
|pop7 = 150,000–180,000
|ref7 =<ref name="coucileu"/><ref name="Vanly">Ismet Chériff Vanly, “The Kurds in the Soviet Union”, in: Philip G. Kreyenbroek & S. Sperl (eds.), The Kurds: A Contemporary Overview (London: Routledge, 1992). pg 164: Table based on 1990 estimates: Azerbaijan (180,000), Armenia (50,000), Georgia (40,000), Kazakhistan (30,000), Kyrghizistan (20,000), Uzbekistan (10,000), Tajikistan (3,000), Turkmenistan (50,000), Siberia (35,000), Krasnodar (20,000), Other (12,000), Total 450,000</ref>
|region8 = {{spaces|2}}{{flagcountry|Russia}}
|pop8 = 63,818
|ref8 = <ref>{{cite web|title=Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 г. Национальный состав населения Российской Федерации|url=http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_nac_10.php|work=Demoscope|publisher=Demoscope|accessdate=4 July 2012}}</ref>
|region9 = {{spaces|2}}{{flagcountry|Armenia}}
|pop9 = 37,403
|ref9 = <ref>{{cite web|title=Information from the 2011 Armenian National Census|url=http://armstat.am/file/article/sv_03_13a_520.pdf|work=Republic of Armenia|accessdate=7 August 2013}}</ref>
|region10 = {{spaces|2}}{{flagcountry|Georgia}}
|pop10 = 20,843
|ref10 = <ref>{{cite web|title=The Human Rights situation of the Yezidi minority in the Transcaucasus|url=http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/pdfid/485fa2342.pdf|work=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees|publisher=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees|page=18}}</ref>
'''Diaspora'''
|region11 = <div style="line-height:0.75em"> </div>
|region11 = <div style="font-size:115%">'''[[Diaspora]]'''</div>
|region12 = {{spaces|2}}{{flagcountry|Germany}}
|pop12 = 750,000
|ref12 = <ref name="coucileu"/>{{dead link|date=January 2014}}
|region13 = {{spaces|2}}{{flagcountry|Israel}}
|pop13 = Over 150,000
|ref13 = <ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.i24news.tv/en/news/israel/society/130930-israel-s-kurds-celebrate-annual-festival-in-jerusalem|title=Jewish Kurds from Iraq, Syria attend Jerusalem festival |publisher=I24 News |accessdate=2013-09-11}}</ref>
|region14 = {{spaces|2}}{{flagcountry|France}}
|pop14 = 135,000
|ref14 =<ref name="coucileu"/>{{dead link|date=January 2014}}
|region15 = {{spaces|2}}{{flagcountry|Sweden}}
|pop15 = 90,000
|ref15 =<ref name="coucileu"/>{{dead link|date=January 2014}}
|region16 = {{spaces|2}}{{flagcountry|Netherlands}}
|pop16 = 75,000
|ref16 =<ref name="coucileu"/>{{dead link|date=January 2014}}
|region17 = {{spaces|2}}{{flagcountry|Switzerland}}{{dead link|date=January 2014}}
|pop17 = 65,000
|ref17 = <ref name="coucileu"/>
|region18 = {{spaces|2}}{{flagcountry|Belgium}}{{dead link|date=January 2014}}
|pop18 = 60,000
|ref18 = <ref name="coucileu"/>
|region19 = {{spaces|2}}{{flagcountry|Austria}}{{dead link|date=January 2014}}
|pop19 = 55,000
|ref19 = <ref name="coucileu"/>
|region20 = {{spaces|2}}{{flagcountry|Turkmenistan}}
|pop20 = 50,000
|ref20 =<ref name="Vanly"/>
|region21 = {{spaces|2}}{{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
|pop21 = 49,921
|ref21 =<ref>{{cite web|title=QS211EW - Ethnic group (detailed)|url=http://www.nomisweb.co.uk/census/2011/CT0010/view/2092957703|work=nomis|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdate=3 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Ethnic Group - Full Detail_QS201NI|url=http://www.ninis2.nisra.gov.uk/Download/Census%202011_Excel/2011/QS201NI.xls|accessdate=4 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Scotland's Census 2011 - National Records of Scotland, Language used at home other than English (detailed)|url=http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/documents/censusresults/release2a/rel2A_Language_detailed_Scotland.pdf|work=Scotland Census|publisher=Scotland Census|accessdate=29 September 2013}}</ref>
|region22 = {{spaces|2}}{{flagcountry|Kazakhstan}}
|pop22 = 38,325
|ref22 = <ref>{{cite web|title=Table 4.1.1 Population by individual ethnic groups|url=http://www.eng.stat.kz/publishing/DocLib/2011/%D0%90%D0%9E%20%D0%BD%D0%B0%20%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC.pdf|work=Government of Kazakhstan|publisher=stat.kz|accessdate=28 July 2012}}</ref>
|region23 = {{spaces|2}}{{flagcountry|Jordan}}
|pop23 = 30,000
|ref23 = <ref>{{cite web|title=Language and Cultural Shift Among the Kurds of Jordan|url=http://www.linguistics.fi/julkaisut/SKY2010/Al-Khatib_Al-Ali_netti.pdf|accessdate=10 November 2012|author=Mahmoud A. Al-Khatib and Mohammed N. Al-Ali|page=12}}</ref>
|region24 = {{spaces|2}}{{flagcountry|Greece}}
|pop24 = 26,000
|ref24 = <ref name="diaspora">{{cite web|title=The Kurdish Diaspora|url=http://www.institutkurde.org/en/kurdorama/|publisher=Institut Kurde De Paris|accessdate=23 October 2011}}</ref>
|region25 = {{spaces|2}}{{flagcountry|Denmark}}
|pop25 = 25,000
|ref25 = <ref>{{cite web|first=Ole Stig|last=Andersen|title=Kurdisk|url=http://www.olestig.dk/sprog/kurdisk.html|publisher=olestig.dk|date=11 July 2004|accessdate=6 March 2013}}</ref>
|region26 = {{spaces|2}}{{flagcountry|United States}}
|pop26 = 15,361
|ref26 = <ref>{{cite web|title=2006–2010 American Community Survey Selected Population Tables|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_SF4_B01003&prodType=table|work=Government of the United States of America|publisher=Government of the United States of America|accessdate=5 August 2013}}</ref>
|region27 = {{spaces|2}}{{flagcountry|Kyrgyzstan}}
|pop27 = 13,171
|ref27 =<ref>{{cite web|title=4.1. Number of resident population by selected nationality|url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_phc/Kyrgyzstan/A5-2PopulationAndHousingCensusOfTheKyrgyzRepublicOf2009.pdf|work=Government of Kyrgyzstan|publisher=United Nations|accessdate=9 July 2012}}</ref><ref name=kyrgyzstan2>{{cite web|title=Население Кыргызстана|url=http://212.42.101.100:8088/nacstat/node/12|language=Russian}}</ref>
|region28 = {{spaces|2}}{{flagcountry|Canada}}
|pop28 = 11,685
|ref28 = <ref>{{cite web|title=2011 National Household Survey: Data tables|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/dt-td/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=0&PID=105396&PRID=0&PTYPE=105277&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2013&THEME=95&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF|work=Statistics of Canada|publisher=Statistics of Canada|accessdate=19 January 2013}}</ref>
|region29 = {{spaces|2}}{{flagcountry|Finland}}
|pop29 = 9,280
|ref29 = <ref>{{cite web|title=Language according to age and sex by region 1990–2011|url=http://pxweb2.stat.fi/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=030_vaerak_tau_102_en&path=../database/StatFin/vrm/vaerak/&lang=1&multilang=en|work=Statistics Finland|publisher=Statistics Finland|accessdate=19 January 2013}}</ref>
|languages =[[Kurdish languages|Kurdish]] and [[Zaza–Gorani languages|Zazaki–Gorani]]<br/>{{smaller|''In their different forms: [[Sorani]], [[Kurmanji]], [[Fayli]], [[Southern Kurdish]], [[Laki language|Laki]], [[Zazaki language|Zazaki]], [[Bajelani language|Bajalani]], [[Gorani language|Gorani]]''}}
|religions = Mostly [[Islam]] (predominately [[Sunni]], but also [[Shia]] and [[Sufism]]) with minorities of [[Atheism]], [[Agnosticism]], [[Yazdânism]], [[Zoroastrianism]], [[Christianity]] and [[Judaism]]
|related = other [[Iranian peoples]]
|footnotes = All population numbers are estimates by 3rd parties.
Turkey, Iran and Syria do not track or provide population statistics.
|}}
[[Berkas:Kurdish-inhabited area by CIA (1992).jpg|thumb|300px|Daerah yang menggunakan bahasa Kurdi (warna terang)]]
Baris 8 ⟶ 132:
Berangkat dari hal tersebut makalah ini berusaha untuk memaparkan beberapa hal pokok yaitu: siapakah bangsa Kurdi, dimanakah keberadaannya, keistimewaan dan kelebihan dari bangsa kurdi tersebut. Dalam proses sejarah, Bangsa Kurdi selalu mengalami berbagai macam penindasan yang menyebabkan label sebagai bangsa besar yang tersingkirkan melekat erat di dalam dirinya.
==Mengenal Bangsa Kurdi==
| |||