Haftarah: Perbedaan antara revisi

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'''''Haftarah''''' atau '''''Haftorah''''' (dalam pelafalan [[Ashkenazi]]:'''''haftoroh''''' (alt. '''haphtara'''), [[bahasa Ibrani]]: '''הפטרה'''; "berpisah," "mengambil cuti", bentuk jamak ''haftarot'' atau ''haftoros'') adalah suatu rangkaian bacaan pilihan dari kitab-kitab pada bagian ''[[Nevi'im]]'' ("Kitab Nabi-nabi") [[Alkitab Ibrani]] (''[[Tanakh]]'') yang dibaca di depan umum pada [[sinagoga]] sebagai bagian praktik ibadah [[Yudaisme]]. Pembacaan Haftarah mengikuti [[pembacaan Taurat]] pada setiap hari [[Sabat]] dan pada festival dan hari-hari puasa Yahudi. Biasanya, ''haftarah'' secara tematik dikaitkan dengan''[[parsyah]]'' (bagian bacaan Taurat mingguan) yang dibacakan sebelumnya.<ref>Goswell argues that the arrangement "suggests we should understand the books of Joshua - Kings as illustrating and applying the theology and ethics of the [[Pentateuch]]." Gregory Goswell, "The Hermeneutics of the Haftarot," ''[[Tyndale Bulletin]]'' 58 (2007), 100.</ref> Pembacaan ''haftarah'' dilakukan dengan nyanyian (dikenal sebagai "''trop''" dalam [[bahasa Yiddish]] atau "[[Cantillation]]" dalam bahasa Inggris. Suatu pemberkatan terkait diberikan sebelum dan sesudah pembacaan Haftarah.
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The origin of haftarah reading is lost to history, and several theories have been proposed to explain its role in Jewish practice, suggesting it arose in response to the persecution of the [[Jews]] under [[Antiochus Epiphanes]] which preceded the [[Maccabean revolt]], wherein Torah reading was prohibited,<ref name="Rabinowitz, Louis 2007">Rabinowitz, Louis. "Haftarah." Encyclopaedia Judaica. Eds. Michael Berenbaum and Fred Skolnik. Vol. 8. 2nd ed. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2007. 198-200. 22 vols. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Gale.</ref> or that it was "instituted against the [[Samaritans]], who denied the [[Biblical canon|canon]]icity of the Prophets (except for Joshua), and later against the [[Sadducees]]."<ref name="Rabinowitz, Louis 2007"/> The [[Talmud]] mentions that a ''haftarah'' was read in the presence of Rabbi [[Eliezer ben Hyrcanus]], who lived c.70 CE,<ref>Tosefta, Megillah, 4 (3): 1, gives the haftarot for the Four Special Sabbaths. A baraita in Megillah 31a, which has later additions by the Babylonian amoraim who add the haftarot for the second days of the festivals (and who sometimes change the order of the haftarot as a result) – gives the haftarot for every one of the festivals, including their intermediate Sabbaths, as well as a Sabbath which is also Rosh Hodesh, the Sabbath which immediately precedes Rosh Hodesh, and Hanukkah.</ref> and in the [[Christian]] [[New Testament]] several references suggest this Jewish custom was in place during that era.<ref>Acts 13:15 states that "after the reading of the law and the prophets" Paul was invited to deliver an exhortation. Luke 4:17 states that during the Sabbath service in Nazareth the Book of Isaiah was handed to Jesus, "and when he had opened the book, he found the place where it was written," the passage being Isaiah 61:1–2. Unfortunately, the Greek word used there meaning "found" does not make it clear whether the passage read was fixed beforehand or whether it was chosen at random. See Rabinowitz, Louis. "Haftarah." Encyclopaedia Judaica. Eds. Michael Berenbaum and Fred Skolnik. Vol. 8. 2nd ed. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2007. 198-200. 22 vols. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Gale.</ref>
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== Siapa pembaca ''haftarah''==
Secara tradisional ''haftarah'' dibaca oleh seorang ''[[maftir]]'', atau orang terakhir yang dipanggil kepada gulungan Taurat.
 
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Rabbi [[Yosef Karo]] reports that for many years there were no set ''haftarot'': the ''maftir'' chose an appropriate passage from the Nevi'im.<ref>''Kesef Mishneh'', Laws of Tefillah 12:12</ref> Over time, certain choices became established in certain communities; in contemporary Jewish observance one may not choose his or her own ''haftarah'', explains Rabbi [[Moshe Feinstein]], as that would run against accepted custom.<ref>''Igrot Moshe, Orah Hayim A siman 103''</ref> Rabbi Karo's explanation, however, helps to explain why communities have varying customs regarding what to read as ''haftarah''.
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Nowadays, this custom has virtually disappeared. No one reads a special ''haftarah'' for a bridegroom any longer, except the [[Karaite Judaism|Karaites]].
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==See alsoLihat pula ==
*[[TorahPembacaan readingTaurat]]
*[[Cantillation]]
*[[Nevi'im]]
*[[Parsyah]]
*[[WeeklyBagian TorahTaurat portionmingguan]]
 
==Referensi==