Naskah Alkitab: Perbedaan antara revisi

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The majority of New Testament textual criticism deals with Greek manuscripts because scholars believe the original books of the New Testament were written in Greek. However, the text of the New Testament is also found, both translated in manuscripts of many different languages (called ''versions''), and quoted in manuscripts of the writings of the [[Church Fathers]]. In the [[critical apparatus]] of the [[Novum Testamentum Graece]], a series of abbreviations and prefixes designate different language versions (it for Old Latin, lowercase letters for individual Old Latin manuscripts, vg for [[Vulgate]], lat for Latin, sy^s for [[Sinaitic Palimpsest]], sy^c for [[Curetonian Gospels]], sy^p for the [[Peshitta]], co for Coptic, ac for Akhmimic, bo for Bohairic, sa for Sahidic, arm for Armenian, geo for Georgian, got for Gothic, aeth for Ethiopic, and slav for Old Church Slavonic).<ref>NA²⁷ 1996, pp. 64*-76*</ref>

 

[[Image:Escribano.jpg|thumb|210px|right|An illustration of a European [[scribe]] at work]]

The New Testament books appear to have been completed within the 1st century. However, the original manuscripts of the New Testament books do not survive today. The [[autograph]]s were lost or destroyed a long time ago. What survives are copies of the original. Generally speaking, these copies were made centuries after the originals from other copies rather than from the autograph. [[Paleography]], a science of dating manuscripts by typological analysis of their scripts, is the most precise and objective means known for determining the age of a manuscript. Script groups belong typologically to their generation; and changes can be noted with great accuracy over relatively short periods of time. Dating of manuscript material by a [[Radiocarbon dating|radiocarbon dating test]] requires that a small part of the material be destroyed in the process; it is less accurate than dating from paleography.<ref>[http://original.britannica.com/eb/article-73398/biblical-literature#597996.hook Britannica Online: Types of manuscript errors]</ref> Both radiocarbon and paleographical dating only give a range of possible dates, and it's still debated just how narrow this range might be. Dates established by radiocarbon dating can present a range of 10 to over 100 years. Similarly, dates established by paleography can present a range of 25 to over 125 years.<ref>Egypt on the Pentateuch's Ideological Map By F. V. Greifenhagen</ref>

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Naskah tertua Perjanjian Baru adalah fragmen seukuran kartu bisnis dari [[Injil Yohanes]], [[Rylands Library Papyrus P52]], yang diperkirakan dibuat pada pertengahan pertama abad ke-2. Salinan lengkap pertama dari satu kitab dalam Perjanjian Baru muncul sekitar tahun 200, dan salinan lengkap Perjanjian Baru, [[Codex Sinaiticus]] bertarikh abad ke-4.<ref>Ehrman 2004, pp. 479-480</ref> The following table lists the earliest extant manuscript witnesses for the books of the [[New Testament]].

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''c''. 250

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[[Gospel of Luke|Luke]]

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''c''. 200

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[[Gospel of John|John]]

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''c''. 125-160

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[[Acts of the Apostles|Acts]]

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[[Epistle to the Galatians|Galatians]]

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''c''. 175-225

[[Ephesians]]

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''c''. 175-225

[[Philippians]]

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''c''. 175-225

[[Colossians]]

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''c''. 175-225

[[1 Thessalonians]]

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''c''. 175-225

[[2 Thessalonians]]

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3rd/4th century

''c''. 350

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[[Epistle to Titus|Titus]]

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''c''. 200

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3rd century

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[[Epistle to the Hebrews|Hebrews]]

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''c''. 175-225

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3rd century

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MS 193<ref>http://www.schoyencollection.com/Coptic.htm#193{{dead link|date=November 2011}}</ref>

3rd century

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3rd/4th century

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3rd century

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[[Uncial 0232|0232]]

3rd/4th century

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[[Codex Sinaiticus|א]]

''c''. 350

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[[Papyrus 18|P<sup class="superscript">18</sup>]], [[Papyrus 24|P<sup class="superscript">24</sup>]], [[Papyrus 47|P<sup class="superscript">47</sup>]], [[Papyrus 98|P<sup class="superscript">98</sup>]], [[Papyrus 115|P<sup class="superscript">115</sup>]]

* [[List of Hebrew Bible manuscripts]]

 

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