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[[File:Naqsh i Rustam. Investiture d'Ardashir 1.jpg|thumb|right|320px| Ahura Mazda (kanan, dengan mahkota tinggi)]]
'''Ahura Mazdā''' (juga dikenal sebagai '''Ohrmazd''', '''Ahuramazda''', '''Hormazd''', dan '''Aramazd''') adalah Tuhan tertinggi pada kepercayaan [[Zoroastrianisme]]. Ahura Mazda adalah pencipta dan penegak ''[[asha]]'' (kebenaran). Kata Ahura berarti cahaya dan Mazda
Ahura Mazda pertama kali muncul pada [[Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah|periode Akhemeniyah]]. Ahura Mazda dipuja dan dipanggil saja. Dengan Artahsasta II, Ahura Mazda dipanggil dalam triad, dengan Mithra dan Apam Napat. Pada [[Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah|periode Akhemeniyah]], tidak ada representasi dari Ahura Mazda selain kustom untuk setiap kaisar memiliki kereta kosong yang ditarik oleh kuda putih, untuk mengundang Ahura Mazda untuk menemani tentara Persia pada pertempuran. Gambar dari Ahura Mazda mulai pada periode Parthia, namun dihentikan dan diganti dengan batu angka diukir pada periode Sassanid.
==Tata nama==
"Mazda", atau lebih tepatnya Avesta batang-bentuk MAZDA-, Mazda nominatif, mencerminkan Proto-Iran * Mazdāh (perempuan). Hal ini umumnya diambil untuk menjadi nama yang tepat dari Allah, dan seperti kognitif Sansekerta yang Medha, berarti "kecerdasan" atau "kebijaksanaan". Baik Avesta dan kata-kata Sansekerta mencerminkan Proto-Indo-Iran * mazdhā-, dari Proto-Indo-Eropa * mn̩sd ʰ eh1, secara harfiah berarti "menempatkan (* d ʰ eh1) pikiran seseorang (* mn-s)", maka "bijaksana". <ref name="Thieme_1960_308_309">{{harvnb|Thieme|1960|pp=308–309}}.</ref>
"Ahura" awalnya kata sifat yang berarti ahuric, mencirikan entitas Indo-Iran khusus bernama * asura <ref name="Thieme_1960_308">{{harvnb|Thieme|1960|p=308}}.</ref><ref name="Gershevitch_1964_23">{{harvnb|Gershevitch|1964|p=23}}.</ref><ref name="Kuiper_1983_682">{{harvnb|Kuiper|1983|p=682}}.</ref> Meskipun jejak angka ini masih terlihat dalam teks tertua India dan Iran, <ref name="Thieme_1960_308_309">{{harvnb|Thieme|1960|pp=308–309}}.</ref> dalam kedua budaya kata akhirnya muncul sebagai julukan dewa-dewa lain.
Nama itu diberikan sebagai Ahuramazda (Persia Kuno) selama era Achaemenid, Hormazd selama era Parthia, dan Ohrmazd digunakan selama era Sassania. {{sfn|Boyce|1985|p=685}}
Nama dapat dibuktikan pada prasasti dari Asyur Assurbanipal, dalam bentuk Assara Mazas (ini tampaknya akan mencerminkan bentuk * Asura Mazda sebelum perkembangan Iran Umum * s> h), meskipun penafsiran ini tidak kontroversial.
== 101 Nama dari Ahura Mazda ==
Dalam Zoroastrianisme, 101 nama Tuhan (Pazand Sad-o-yak nam-i-Khoda) adalah daftar nama-nama Allah (Ahura Mazda).
Dua terjemahan untuk setiap nama yang disediakan di bawah dalam bahasa Persia dan Inggris, satu dari Meher Baba yang lain dari sumber online (persiandna.com).
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Translations
|-
|Yazad <br />Yazad
|Worthy of Worship<br />Yaz meaning worthy of being attuned; Praiseworthy
|-
|Harvesp-tawan <br />Harvesp-Tavaan
|All-Powerful<br />Almighty
|-
|Harvesp-agah <br />Harvesp-Aagaah
|All-Knowing<br />All-Knowing
|-
|Harvesp-khoda <br />Harvesp-Khudaa
|Lord of all<br />Lord of All
|-
|Abadeh <br />Abadah
|Without Beginning<br />Without Beginning
|-
|Abi-anjam <br />Abee-Anjaam
|Without End<br />Without End
|-
|Bun-e-stiha <br />Bune-Steeh
|Root of Creation<br />Root of Creation
|-
|Frakhtan-taih <br />Fraakhtan-Teh
|Endless Bliss<br />The End of All
|-
|Jamaga <br />Jamaga
|Primal Cause<br />Ancient Cause
|-
|Prajatarah <br />Parajtarah
|Exalted One<br />More Noble
|-
|Tum-afik <br />Tum-Afeek
|Purest of the Pure<br />Most Open (Innocent)
|-
|Abaravand <br />Abarvand
|Detached from All<br />Separate from All
|-
|Paravandeh <br />Parvandaah
|In touch with all<br />Connected with All
|-
|An-ayafeh <br />An-Aiyaafah
|Unattainable<br />Unreachable by anyone
|-
|Hama-Ayafeh <br />Ham-Aiyaafah
|Attainer of All<br />Who Can Reach All
|-
|Adro <br />Aadaro
|Most Righteous<br />Most straightforward; Truest of All
|-
|Gira <br />Geeraa
|Upholder of all<br />Who Holds Everyone
|-
|A-ehem <br />A-Chem
|Beyond reason<br />Without Cause (Does not need a reason for existence)
|-
|Chamana <br />Chamanaa
|Sovereign Reason<br />Reason for Being
|-
|Safana <br />Safanaa
|Bountiful One<br />Creator of Progress
|-
|Afza <br />Afjaa
|Ever Prolific<br />Creator of Growth
|-
|Nasha <br />Naashaa
|Reaching equally to all<br />Who Reaches Everyone Equally
|-
|Parwara <br />Parvaraa
|Nourisher<br />Provider
|-
|Ianaha <br />Eeyaanah
|Protector of the world<br />Protector of Creation
|-
|Ain-aenah <br />Aaeen-Aaenah
|Never Changing<br />Not Different
|-
|An-aenah <br />An-Aaeenah
|Formless<br />Without Shape
|-
|Kharoshid-tum <br />Khrosheed-Tum
|Most Steadfast among the Steadfast<br />Most Determined
|-
|Mino-tum <br />Meeno-Tum
|Lord Invisible<br />Most Invisible
|-
|Vasna <br />Vaasnaa
|All-Pervading<br />Omnipresent
|-
|Harvastum <br />Harvastum
|All in all<br />Most Complete
|-
|Hu-sepas <br />Hu-Sepaas
|Worthy of our profound thanks<br />Worthy of Thanksgiving
|-
|Har-Hamid <br />Har-Hameed
|All embracing Goodness<br />Completely Good Natured
|-
|Har-naik faraih <br />Har-Nek-Fareh
|All embracing Holy light<br />Completely Good Noble Aura
|-
|Baish-tarana <br />Besh-Tarnaa
|Remover of affliction<br />Remover of Suffering
|-
|Taronish <br />Taroneesh
|Beyond Affliction<br />Mysterious
|-
|Anah-aoshaka <br />An-Aoshak
|Immortal<br />Immortal
|-
|Farasaka <br />Farsak
|Fulfiller of Holy Desires<br />Grantor of Wishes
|-
|Pajohdehad <br />Pajoh-Dahad
|Creator of Holy attributes<br />Creator of Noble Nature
|-
|Khwafar <br />Khvaafar
|Compassionate Judge<br />Generous with Justice
|-
|Avakhshiaea <br />Afakhsheeaaeaa
|Merciful Giver<br />Grantor of Generosity
|-
|Abaraja <br />Abarjaa
|Bountiful Giver<br />Most Abundant Provider
|-
|A-satoha <br />A-Satoh
|Unconquerable<br />Who Does Not Get Angry
|-
|Rakhoha <br />Rakhoh
|Freest of the free<br />Independent; Without Worry
|-
|Varun <br />Varoon
|Deliverer from evil<br />Protector from Evil
|-
|A-farefah <br />A-Farefah
|Never Deceiving<br />Who Does Not Deceive
|-
|Be-fareftah <br />Be-Farefah
|Never Deceived<br />Who Cannot Be Deceived
|-
|A-dui <br />A-Duee
|One without a second<br />Without Duality
|-
|Kam-rad <br />Kaame-Rad
|Lord of desire<br />Lord of Wishes
|-
|Farman-kam <br />Farmaan-Kaam
|Decreer of Sovereign Desire<br />Wish Is His Command
|-
|Aekh Tan <br />Aokh-Tan
|Soul Supreme<br />Without Body
|-
|A-faremosh <br />A-Faremosh
|Never-forgetting<br />Who Does Not Forget
|-
|Hamarna <br />Hamaarnaa
|Just Accountant<br />Keeper of Accounts
|-
|Sanaea <br />Sanaaeaa
|Knowing all things<br />Worthy of Knowing; All Knowing
|-
|A-tars <br />A-Tars
|Fearless<br />Fearless
|-
|A-bish <br />A-Beesh
|Devoid of pain<br />Without Suffering
|-
|A-frajdum <br />Afraajdum
|Most exalted one<br />Most High
|-
|Ham-chun <br />Ham-Chun
|Ever the same<br />Always the Same
|-
|Mino-satihgar <br />Meeno-Steeh-Gar
|Invisible Creator of the Universe<br />Creator of the Universe Invisibly
|-
|A-minogar <br />A-Meenogar
|Creator of the Profoundly Spiritual<br />Creator of Much Invisible Creations
|-
|Mino-nahab <br />Meeno-Nahab
|Hidden within the spirit<br />Hidden in Invisible Creation
|-
|Adar-bad-gar <br />Aadar-Baad-Gar
|Transmuter of Fire into Air<br />Who Changes Fire Into Air
|-
|Adar-nam-gar <br />Aadar-Nam-Gar
|Transmuter of Fire into dew<br />Who Changes Fire Into Water
|-
|Bad-adar-gar <br />Baad-Aadar-Gar
|Transmuter of Air into Fire<br />Who Changes Air Into Fire
|-
|Bad-nam-gar <br />Baad-Nam-Gar
|Transmuter of Air into dew<br />Who Changes Air Into Water
|-
|Bad-gail-gar <br />Baad-Gel-Gar
|Transmuter of Air into Earth<br />Who Changes Air Into Dust
|-
|Bad-gred-tum <br />Baad-Gerd-Tum
|Supreme Transmuter of Air into dust<br />Who Changes Air Into Wind
|-
|Adar-kibritatum <br />Aadar-Keebreet-Tum
|Supreme Transmuter of Fire into divine sparks<br />Who Changes Fire Into Jewels
|-
|Bad-gar-jae <br />Baad-Garjaae
|Spreading Air everywhere<br />Who Creates Air In All Places
|-
|Ab-tum <br />Aab-Tum
|Creator of Lifegiving water<br />Creator of Much Water
|-
|Gail-adar-gar <br />Gel-Aadar-Gar
|Transmuter of Dust into Fire<br />Who Changes Dust Into Fire
|-
|Gail-vad-gar <br />Gel-Vaad-Gar
|Transmuter of Dust into Air<br />Who Changes Dust Into Air
|-
|Gail-nam-gar <br />Gel-Nam-Gar
|Transmuter of Dust into water<br />Who Changes Dust Into Water
|-
|Gar-gar <br />Gar-Gar
|Master Craftsman<br />Creator of Creators
|-
|Garo-gar <br />Gar-O-Gar
|Rewarder of sincere desires<br />(Fulfiller of Wishes) *
|-
|Gar-a-gar <br />Gar-Aa-Gar
|Creator of all Humanity and its actions<br />(Creator of Mankind) *
|-
|Gar-a-gar-gar <br />Gar-Aa-Gar-Gar
|Creator of all Human and Animal Life<br />(Creator of All Things) *
|-
|A-gar-agar <br />A-Gar-Aa-Gar
|Creator of all the four elements<br />(Creator of 4 Elements) *
|-
|A-gar-a-gar-gar <br />A-Gar-Aa-Gar-Gar
|Creator of all the planets and all other worlds<br />(Creator of Stars) *
|-
|A-guman <br />A-Gumaan
|Never in doubt<br />Without Doubt
|-
|A-jaman <br />A-Jamaan
|Ageless<br />Timeless
|-
|A-Khuan <br />A-Khuaan
|Eternally awake<br />Sleepless
|-
|Amast <br />Aamasht
|Ever-alert<br />Alert
|-
|Fashutana <br />Fashutanaa
|Ever-Protecting<br />Always Guarding & Progress Creator
|-
|Padmani <br />Padmaanee
|Recorder of Man's actions<br />Keeper of Limits
|-
|Firozgar <br />Feerozgar
|Victorious<br />Victorious
|-
|Khudawand <br />Khudaavand
|Lord of the Universe<br />Lord of Creation
|-
|Ahuramazd <br />Ahur-Mazd
|Lord of Life and Wisdom<br />Wise Lord
|-
|Abarin-kuhan-tawan <br />Abreen-Kohun-Tavaan
|Preserver of Creation<br />Most Capable of Preserving Originality of Creations
|-
|Abarin-nao-tawan <br />Abreen-No-Tavaan
|Renewer of Creation<br />Most Capable of Creating New Creations
|-
|Vaspan <br />Vaspaan
|Embracing All Creation<br />Who Can Reach All Creations
|-
|Vaaspar <br />Vaspaar
|Giver of All Things<br />Who Can Provide Everything
|-
|Khawar <br />Khaavar
|Infinitely Patient<br />Generous
|-
|Ahu <br />Ahu
|Lord of exisience<br />Lord of Existence
|-
|Avakshidar <br />Avakhseedaar
|Forgiver of sins<br />Forgiver
|-
|Dadar <br />Daadaar
|Divine Creator<br />Creator of Justice
|-
|Raiyomand <br />Rayomand
|Rayed in glory<br />Full of Brightness
|-
|Khorehmand <br />Khorehomand
|Haloed in Light<br />Full of Aura, Light
|-
|Davar <br />Daavar
|Lord of Justice<br />Giver of True Justice
|-
|Kerfaigar <br />Kerfegar
|Lord of Just Rewards<br />Lord of Good Works
|-
|Bokhtar <br />Bokhtaar
|Liberator<br />Giver of Freedom for Progress
|-
|Farsho-gar <br />Frash-Gar
|Awakener of Eternal Spring<br />Refresher of the Soul with Progress
|}
==Karakteristik==
Meskipun Ahura Mazda adalah dewa dalam agama Iran Lama, ia belum diberi judul "Allah pencipta". Gelar ini diberikan oleh Zoroaster yang menyatakan Ahura Mazda sebagai Allah pencipta, sepenuhnya bijaksana, baik hati dan baik, serta pencipta dan penegak Arta ("kebenaran"). Ahura Mazda digambarkan sebagai pencipta dan penegak Arta, ia adalah pendukung dan penjaga keadilan, dan teman dari orang yang adil.
==Wahyu Zoroaster==
Pada usia 30, Zoroaster menerima wahyu. Ketika Zoroaster mengambil air dari fajar untuk ritual sakral, ia melihat sosok bersinar dari yazata, Vohu Manah, yang memimpin Zoroaster adanya Ahura Mazda, di mana ia mengajarkan prinsip-prinsip kardinal baik agama. Sebagai hasil dari visi ini, Zoroaster merasa bahwa ia dipilih untuk menyebarkan dan memberitakan agama.{{sfn|Nigosian|1993|p=12}} Agama tua Iran menyembah banyak dewa yang disebut Daevas, bersama dengan tiga dewa yang lebih besar, masing-masing membawa Ahura judul. Zoroaster menyatakan bahwa hanya satu dari tiga dewa, Ahura Mazda adalah pencipta diciptakan satunya alam semesta. Dia menyatakan bahwa sumber segala kebaikan adalah satu-satunya Ahura yang layak beribadah tertinggi kepadanya. Dia lebih lanjut menyatakan bahwa Ahura Mazda menciptakan roh yang dikenal sebagai yazatas untuk membantu dia, yang juga layak pengabdian. Zoroaster menyatakan bahwa semua Daevas Iran adalah setan dan tak membutuhkan ibadah. Setan-setan ini diciptakan oleh Angra Mainyu, kuasa jahat. Keberadaan Angra Mainyu adalah sumber dari segala dosa dan kesengsaraan di alam semesta. Zoroaster mengklaim bahwa Ahura Mazda bukanlah Tuhan Yang Maha Kuasa, tetapi digunakan bantuan manusia dalam perjuangan kosmik melawan Angra Mainyu. Meskipun demikian, Ahura Mazda adalah Angra Mainyu atasan, tidak sama nya. Angra Mainyu dan Daevas nya yang mencoba untuk menimpa manusia jauh dari jalan kebenaran (asha) akhirnya akan hancur.{{Sfn|Andrea|2000|p=86}}
== Bacaan lanjut ==
* [http://www.livius.org/ag-ai/ahuramazda/ahuramazda.html Ahuramazda and Zoroastrianism]
* {{citation|last=Dhalla|first=Maneckji Nusservanji|publisher=OUP|location=New York|year=1938|title=History of Zoroastrianism|isbn=
* {{citation|chapter=Mithra the King and Varuna the Master|last=Boyce|first=Mary|title=Festschrift für Helmut Humbach zum 80.|location=Trier|publisher=WWT|year=2001|pages=239–257}}
* {{citation|last=Humbach|first=Helmut|title=The Gathas of Zarathushtra and the other Old Avestan texts|year=1991|publisher=Winter|location=Heidelberg|isbn=3-533-04473-4}}
* {{citation|doi=10.1086/370756|last=Kent|first=Roland G.|title=Old Persian Texts|journal=Journal of Near Eastern Studies|volume=4|issue=4|year=<!--(Oct., -->1945|pages=228–233}}
* {{citation|last=Kuiper|first=Bernardus Franciscus Jacobus|chapter=Ahura|title=Encyclopaedia Iranica|location=New York|publisher=Routledge & Kegan Paul|year=1983|volume=1|pages=682–683}}
* {{citation|last=Kuiper|first=Bernardus Franciscus Jacobus|title=Ahura Mazdā 'Lord Wisdom'?|journal=Indo-Iranian Journal|volume=18|issue=1-2|year=<!--June,-->1976|pages=25–42}}
* {{citation|title=The Old Persian Cuneiform Inscriptions of Artaxerxes II and Artaxerxes III|last=Ware|first=James R.|last2=Kent|first2=Roland G.|journal=Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association|volume=55|year=1924|pages=52–61|doi=10.2307/283007|publisher=The Johns Hopkins University Press|jstor=283007}}
* {{citation|last=Kent|first=Roland G.|year=1950|title=Old Persian: Grammar, texts, lexicon|location=New Haven|publisher=American Oriental Society|isbn=0-940490-33-1}}
* {{citation|last=Andrea|first=Alfred|coauthors=James H. Overfield|title=The Human Record: Sources of Global History : To 1700|publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt|year=2000|edition=Illustrated|volume=4|isbn=978-0-618-04245-6|url=http://books.google.com/?id=tiz6jbjgSjEC&pg=PA87&dq=ahura+mazda&cd=15#v=onepage&q=}}
* {{citation|last=Schlerath|first=Bernfried|chapter=Ahurānī|title=Encyclopaedia Iranica|location=New York|publisher=Routledge & Kegan Paul|year=1983|volume=1|pages=683–684}}
*[http://itunes.apple.com/app/gathas-of-zoroaster/id467115615?ls=1&mt=8/ The Gathas application for iPhone & iPad]
*[https://market.android.com/details?id=names.dadar.hormuzd&feature=search_result#?t=W251bGwsMSwxLDEsIm5hbWVzLmRhZGFyLmhvcm11emQiXQ/ 101 Names of Dadar Hormazd Android Application]
{{stub}}
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{{Refend}}
==Referensi==
{{Reflist|2}}
[[Kategori:Tuhan]]
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