* {{citation | last=Martindale | first=John R. | last2=Jones | first2=A.H.M. | last3=Morris | first3=John | title=The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire – Volume III, AD 527–641 | year=1992 | publisher=Cambridge University Press | isbn=978-0521201608}}
*Olster, David Michael, ''The Politics of Usurpation in the Seventh Century: Rhetoric and Revolution in Byzantium'', (Adolf M Hakkert, 1993) ISBN 90-256-1010-2
