Salib Malta: Perbedaan antara revisi

Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
Aldo samulo (bicara | kontrib)
k ←Suntingan Msyariff1 (bicara) dikembalikan ke versi terakhir oleh Aldo samulo
Msyariff1 (bicara | kontrib)
Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan
Baris 5:
Di pertengahan abad ke-16, saat para ksatria bermarkas di Malta, rancang gambar yang saat ini dikenal sebagai "Salib Malta" menjadi identik dengan pulau tersebut. Bukti pertama akan keberadaan Salib Malta di Pulau Malta muncul di koin perunggu 2 ''Tari'' dan 4 ''Tari'' (mata uang Arab kuno) dari ''Grand Master'' Jean de la Vallette-Parisot (Pemimpin Agung 1557-1568). Koin perunggu 2 dan 4 Tari bertanggalkan tahun 1567. Bukti ini memberikan tanggal pada munculnya pertama kali Salib Malta.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.orderstjohn.org/osj/cross.htm |title=? |author= |date= |work= |publisher= |accessdate=}}</ref>
 
Salib ini memiliki delapan ujung dan empat elemen berbentuk "V" yang berhubungan satu dengan yang lain di bagian ujung 'kepalanya', sehingga tiap 'tangannya' memiliki dua ujung lancip. Rancangannya didasarkan pada salib-salib yang digunakan semenjak [[Perang Salib Pertama]]. Salib ini juga merupakan simbol modern dari Amalfi, sebuah negara republik Italia kecil dari abad ke-11.<!--
[[File:Serving Brother Insignia.jpg|thumb|The insignia of a Serving Brother of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem]]
== Symbolism ==
 
=Simbolisme=
In the 15th century, the eight points of the four arms of the later called Maltese Cross represented the eight lands of origin, or [[Tongue (Knights Hospitaller)|Langues]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2010}}
 
Pada abad ke-15, delapan ujung dari keempat lengan dari Salib Malta mewakili delapan negeri asal, atau [[Tongue (Knights Hospitaller)|Langue]] dari [[Knights Hospitaller]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2010}}
The eight points are said to symbolize the eight points of courage:{{Citation needed|date=February 2008}}
 
Konon, ujung yang delapan itu melambangkan delapan poin keberanian:
* Loyalty
* [[Piety]]
* Generosity
* Bravery
* Glory and honor
* Contempt of death
* Helpfulness towards the poor and the sick
* Respect for the church
 
* Kesetiaan
The [[Venerable Order of St John]] teaches that the eight points of the cross represent the eight [[Beatitudes]]. The Order's main service organisation, [[St John Ambulance]], has applied secular meanings to the points as representing the traits of a good [[first aider]]:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sja.org.uk/sja/pdf/MalteseCross.pdf |title=The St. John Cross |publisher=St. John Ambulance Service |date= |accessdate=2010-07-18}}</ref>
* Kesalehan
* Kedermawanan
* Keberanian
* Kejayaan dan martabat
* Kebencian terhadap kematian
* Kemurahan kepada kaum fakir, miskin.
* Kehormatan pada gereja.
 
Perpangkatan Kerajaan Britania memiliki perlambangan yang versi sekuler, terbebas dari rujukan kepada Iman Kristiani ataupun pentadabburan kristiani.
* Observant
* Tactful
* Resourceful
* Dexterous
* Explicit
* Discriminating
* Persevering
* Sympathetic
 
Catatan resmi dari Pemerintah Kanada memberikan pernyataan ini tentang perubahan kepada nilai-nilai kebajikan non-Kristiani untuk the Most Venerable Order of St. John di Alam Britania:
The Maltese cross remains the symbol of the [[Knights Hospitaller|Sovereign Military Order of Malta]] and other [[Venerable Order of Saint John#Alliance of Orders of St John of Jerusalem|Orders of St John]], and [[St. John Ambulance]]. In recent centuries it has come to be adopted as the insignia of numerous [[Order (decoration)|orders of chivalry]] (for example, the [[Order of Saint Lazarus]] uses a green Maltese cross), and appears on the coat-of-arms of the [[Mecklenburg-Strelitz (district)|Mecklenburg-Strelitz district]]. In [[Australia]], the Maltese Cross is part of the state emblem of [[Queensland]].
 
''"The universal motto of St. John, quite rightly, is: "For the Service of Mankind." The official emblem of St. John Ambulance, and the St. John people around the world, is a white cross. The emblem is significant in that the eight points that span off into the four arms were to put the wearers in mind of always bearing in their hearts the cross of Jesus, adorned with the eight virtues that attend it. Prior to the council of the order in England, the meaning of each point was basically religious. But since then, the meanings have been changed. They are: observation, tact, resource, dexterity, explicitness, discrimination, perseverance and sympathy."''
== Modern use ==
=== Aviation ===
 
Terjemahan:
The Maltese cross is used to identify the [[final approach fix]] in a non-precision instrument approach (one that lacks precision vertical guidance), in contrast to the use of a lightning bolt type icon, which identifies the [[final approach fix]] in a precision approach.
"Moto universal dari St. John, memang sepantasnya, adalah "Untuk Pengambdian kepada Umat Manusia." Lambang resmi dari St. John Ambulance, dan orang-orang St. John sedunia adalah palang putih. Lambang tersebut signifikan lantaran terdapat delapan ujung yang membentang dari keempat lengannya yang mengingatkan para pemakainya untuk mengingat agar selalu membawa salib Yesus di hatinya, dihiasi dengan delapan kebaikan yang mengiringinya. Sebelum majelis perlambangan di Inggris, makna dari masing-masing ujung pada dasarnya bersifat keagamaan/religius. Namun sejak itu, maknanya telah diubah. Sekarang maknanya adalah: ketelitian, kesopanan, ketahanbantingan, leuletan, kejelasan, kemampuan membedakan, ketegaran dan simpati."
 
=== Australia ===
 
The [[Flag of Queensland|flag]], badge, and [[Coat of arms of Queensland|coat of arms]] of the state of [[Queensland]] feature a Maltese Cross. The Maltese Cross is also part of the logo for various ambulance services in Australia, such as the [[South Australian Ambulance Service]], the [[Queensland Ambulance Service]], the [[Ambulance Service of New South Wales]], [[Ambulance Victoria]], [[St John Ambulance Northern Territory]], [[St John Ambulance Western Australia]], the [[Australian Capital Territory Ambulance Service]]. The Cross, known as the Fire Service Star, is also used by [[Country Fire Authority]] in Victoria as an official symbol. It can be seen on uniform hats, and on Long Service and Outstanding Service Badges.
 
=== France ===
 
The [[Huguenot cross]], a symbol of [[Huguenot|French Protestants]], is a Maltese cross with a [[Holy Spirit|dove]].
 
The football club [[AJ Auxerre]], founded in 1905 by the priest Abbé Deschamps, has a Maltese cross as its emblem, adapted from that of the [[:fr:Association catholique de la jeunesse française|Catholic Association of French Youth]].
 
=== India ===
 
In [[India]], the Maltese Cross is the symbol used by the [[Garhwal Rifles]].
 
=== Italy ===
 
In Italy, as stated earlier, it is also known as the [[Amalfi]] cross.
 
=== Malta ===
 
The Maltese cross is a national symbol of [[Malta]] and is displayed as part of the [[Flag of Malta|Maltese civil ensign]]. The Maltese euro coins of one and two euro denomination carry the Maltese cross.
 
=== Spain ===
 
In Spain, the Maltese Cross is the symbol used by the military [[Medical Corps (Spain)|Medical Corps]]. The cross also forms the basic form for some Spanish orders as the [[Order of Charles III]] or the [[Order of Isabella the Catholic]].
 
=== Sweden ===
 
In [[Sweden]] a Maltese Cross forms the basic form for all the royal orders of merit, The Orders of the [[Royal Order of the Seraphim|Seraphim]], [[Order of the Sword|Sword]], [[Order of the Polar Star|North Star]] and [[Order of Vasa|Vasa]].
 
=== United Kingdom ===
 
*In the [[United Kingdom]], the Maltese Cross is the symbol used by Rifle Regiments, and has been incorporated into the badges of virtually all rifle units, including officers cross belt of the [[Brigade of Gurkhas|Gurkha Rifles]]<ref>http://britisharmy.wordpress.com/2010/05/01/building-on-coldstream-guard-success-in-southern-helmand/</ref> and now amalgamated, [[The Royal Green Jackets]].
*The first [[postmark]] employed for the [[Cancellation (mail)|cancellation]] of the then new [[postage stamps]] in the 1840s was the shape of a Maltese cross and named accordingly. The Maltese cross also forms the basis for the design of the [[Order of the Bath]].
*The Maltese cross is also the symbol of Neath Rugby Football Club in Neath, Wales.
*It is a symbol used by the [[Association of Train Operating Companies|ATOC]] on rail tickets, which allows travel on the London Underground between London Rail Terminals (e.g. between Euston and Victoria), when passengers are traveling via London.
*It is used by the [[St John Ambulance]] organisation as their main form of identification.
 
=== United States ===
 
Motorcycle clubs in the United States often include the Maltese cross, or more often the [[Cross pattée]], in their insignia.
 
The Maltese cross with eagle, globe, and anchor in the center is used for the Sharpshooter badge in the United States Marine Corps.
 
== Items ==
 
The Maltese cross flower (''[[Lychnis chalcedonica]]'') is so named because its petals are similarly shaped, though its points are more rounded into "[[heart (symbol)|heart]]"-like shapes. The flower ''[[Tripterocalyx crux-maltae]]'' was also named for the Maltese cross.<ref>[http://www.calflora.net/botanicalnames/pageCI-CY.html CalFlora Botanical Names: ''T. crux-maltae'']</ref> The [[Geneva drive]], a device that translates a continuous rotation into an intermittent rotary motion, is also sometimes called a "Maltese cross mechanism" after the shape of its main gear.
 
== Similar crosses ==
 
Maltese crosses have been adapted for use in the [[Order of Saint Lazarus|cross of Saint Lazarus]] and as part of the [[flag of Wallis and Futuna]]. It has been the official badge (combined with an ellipsoid in the center) of the [[Delta Phi]] Fraternity since 1833. A similar cross is also used by the [[Veterans of Foreign Wars]] organization.
 
A variant of the Maltese cross, with three V-shaped arms instead of four, was used as the funnel symbol of the [[Hamburg Atlantic Line]] and their successors German Atlantic Line and Hanseatic Tours in 1958-1973 and 1991-1997.
 
Another variant, known as the "Maltese asterisk", is used as the basis of Britain's [[Order of St Michael and St George]].
 
Other [[cross (heraldry)|crosses]] with spreading limbs are often called "Maltese", especially the [[cross pattée]]. The official symbol of the [[Alpha Tau Omega]] fraternity is the [[cross pattée]], though the organization's founder thought it was a Maltese cross when the organization was formed in 1865. The [[Church of the East|Nestorian cross]] also is very similar to both of these.
 
The cross of [[Saint Florian]], [[patron saint]] of [[firefighter]]s, is often confused with the Maltese cross (for example, the [[New York City Fire Department]] so calls it<ref>http://www.nyc.gov/html/fdny/html/history/maltese_cross.shtml</ref>); although it may have eight or more points, it also has large curved arcs between the points. The [[Philadelphia Fire Department]], among others, incorporates the Florian cross into their insignia, as does the [[International Association of Fire Fighters]].
 
Finally, the Maltese cross should not be mistaken for the [[George Cross]], [[Award of the George Cross to Malta|awarded to Malta]] by [[George VI of the United Kingdom]] in 1942, which is depicted on the [[flag of Malta]].
 
== See also ==
* [[Biker Cross]]
* [[Garhwal Rifles]]
* [[Iron Cross]]
* [[Order of Malta]]
* [[Order of Malta Ambulance Corps]]
* [[Pour le Mérite]]
* [[Royal Green Jackets]]
-->
== Referensi ==
{{Reflist}}