|
| order=[[Presiden Kroasia|Presiden]] [[Kroasia|Republik Kroasia]] ke-2
| term_start=[[18 Februari]] [[2000]]
| term_end=[[18 masihFebruari]] menjabat[[2010]]
| predecessor=[[Franjo Tuđman]]
| successor=masih[[Ivo menjabatJosipović]]
| birth_date={{birth date and age|1934|12|24}}
| birth_place=[[Orahovica]], [[Kerajaan Yugoslavia]]
'''Stjepan "Stipe" Mesić''' (lahir [[24 Desember]] [[1934]]) adalah seorang politikus [[Kroasia]]. Ia menjabat [[Presiden Kroasia|Presiden Republik Kroasia]] sejak 2000. Sebelumnya, ia menjabat [[Perdana Menteri Kroasia]], presiden terakhir [[Republik Federal Sosialis Yugoslavia|Sosialis Yugoslavia]], dan presiden Parlemen Kroasia.
Mesić pernah menjabat sebagai anggota [[Parlemen Kroasia]] pada tahun 1960-an, kemudian absen dari politik hingga [[1990]] ketika ia menjadi anggota [[Uni Demokratik Kroasia]] (HDZ) dan belakangan menjabat sebagai [[Perdana Menteri Kroasia]]. Ia terpilih sebagai wakil Kroasia dalam Kepresidenan Federal [[Yugoslavia]] dan duduk pertama-tama sebagai Wakil Presiden dan pada [[1991]] menjabat sebagai Presiden terakhir dari Kepresidenan Federal Yugoslavia. Setelah itu, sejak [[1992]], ia menjabat sebagai Presiden [[Parlemen Kroasia]].
Pada [[1994]], ia menigngalkan HDZ bersama sejumlah rekannya untuk membentuk sebuah partai baru, [[Demokrat Independen Kroasia]] (HND). Pada [[1997]] mayoritas anggota HND, termasuk Mesić, bergabung ke dalam [[Partai Rakyat Kroasia]] (HNS).
Setelah meninggalnya [[Franjo Tuđman]] pada [[Desember]] [[1999]], ia terpilih dalam dua putaran sebagai [[Presiden Republik Kroasia]] pada Februari [[2000]]. Ia terpilih kembali pada Januari [[2005]] untuk masa jabatan kedua.
== Tahun-tahun awal ==
Stjepan Mesić, biasanya disingkat menjadi Stipe Mesić, dilahirkan di [[Orahovica]], [[Slavonia]]. Ia lulus dari [[gimnasium (sekolah)|gimnasium]] di [[Požega]] dan dari Fakultas Hukum dari [[Universitas Zagreb]]. Ia memperoleh gelar doktor kehormatan dari Universitas Tuzla pada 2005.
Setelah menjadi pengacara, ia bekerja di Orahovica dan [[Našice]]. Ia menyelesaikan wajib militernya dan kemudian menjadi hakim di kota itu setelah lulus ujian sebagai hakim.
Mesić menikah dengan Milka Dudunić dan mereka mempunyai dua orang anak perempuan.
Ia pindah ke [[Zagreb]] untuk bekerja sebagai manajer perusahaan "Univerzal". Kedudukan sebagai manajer (ia menjadi Direktur Urusan Umum) berarti bahwa ia merupakan anggota [[Partai Komunis Yugoslavia]].
[[Berkas:Stipe mesic.jpg|thumb|Stjepan Mesić]]
Pada [[1966]], ia mencalonkan diri sebagai kandidat independen dalam pemilihan umum dewan munisipal, dan mengalahkan dua kandidat lainnya, yang pertama dari Partai Komunis dan yang kedua dari Uni Sosialis untuk Rakyat Pekerja. Pada [[1967]], ia menjadi wali kota Orahovica dan anggota [[Parlemen Kroasia]].
<!--As mayor, Mesić attempted the building of a private factory in the town, the first private factory in [[SFRY|Yugoslavia]]. However, this was stopped by [[Tito]] as an attempt to silently introduce [[capitalism]], which was illegal according to the then-current constitution.
In 1967, when a group of Croatian intellectuals published the now-famous "Declaration" about the [[Croatian language]], Mesić publicly denounced it as a diversionary attack against the very foundations of Yugoslavia and called for its authors to be prosecuted by law. However, in the 1970s, Mesić proceeded to support the [[Croatian Spring]] movement which called for Croatian equality within the Yugoslav Federation on economic, political and cultural level. The government indicted him for "acts of enemy propaganda". The initial process lasted three days in which 55 witnesses testified, only five against him, but he was sentenced to one year and two months in jail. He appealed and the trial was prolonged, but eventually in [[1975]] he was incarcerated for one year, and served his sentence at the Stara Gradiška prison.
==Mesić in the 1990s==
He was elected again in [[1990]] as a candidate of the [[Croatian Democratic Union]] (HDZ) in the first multi-party elections in [[Croatia]] after [[World War II]]. He became the general secretary of HDZ and later the [[Prime Minister of Croatia]] and served from May until August 1990. He then resigned to take the post in the Yugoslav Federal Presidency where he served first as Vice-President.
Presidents rotated annually according to republic-province key automatically. When Mesić's turn came to automatically become the President, the Serbian Presidency Member Borisav Jović demanded that an election be held. Four members (Serbia, Montenegro, Vojvodina, Kosovo) were against him and four members (Croatia, Slovenia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Macedonia) were in favor. The election was widely considered to be unconstitutional. Then, [[European Community]] mediators convinced Jović to admit Mesić as the President.
When [[Croatia]] declared its complete independence, he returned to [[Croatia]] and resigned from the Presidency since it was evident that SFR Yugoslavia did not exist anymore as far as the Croatians were concerned. In [[1992]], he was elected to Parliament and became the President of the Parliament.
In [[1994]], Mesić left the [[Croatian Democratic Union|HDZ]] to form a new party, the Croatian Independent Democrats (''Hrvatski Nezavisni Demokrati'', HND). He opposed the government policy toward [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], accusing [[Franjo Tuđman]] of agreeing to carve [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] with [[Slobodan Milošević]]. He also criticized privatization during war and unresolved privatization criminality as war profiteering.
In [[1997]], he and the majority of his party merged into the [[Croatian People's Party]] (HNS), where Mesić became an executive vice-president.
==Presidency of Croatia==
He was elected [[President of the Republic of Croatia]] in the [[Croatian presidential election, 2000|2000 election]] after winning the first round and defeating [[Dražen Budiša]] of [[Croatian Social Liberal Party|HSLS]] in the second round. Mesić ran as the joint candidate of the [[Croatian People's Party|HNS]], [[Croatian Peasant Party|HSS]], [[Liberal Party (Croatia)|LS]] and [[Istrian Democratic Congress|IDS]]. After becoming president, he stepped down from membership in the HNS.
He heavily criticized former President [[Franjo Tuđman]]'s policies as nationalistic and authoritarian, lacking a free media and employing bad economics, while Mesić favored a more liberal approach to opening the Croatian economy to foreign investment.
As President, in September 2000 he retired seven Croatian active generals who had written two open letters to the public arguing that the current Government administration "is campaigning to criminalize Homeland War and that the Government is accusing and neglecting the Croatian Army". Mesić held that active duty officers could not write public political letters without approval of their [[Commander-in-Chief]]. Opposition parties condemned the President's decision as being a dangerous decision that could harm Croatian national security. Mesić later retired four more generals for similar reasons.
President Mesić is active in foreign policy, promoting Croatia's ambition to become a member of the [[European Union]] and [[NATO]]. He also initiated mutual apologies for possible war crimes with the [[President of Serbia and Montenegro]]. After Constitutional amendments in September [[2000]], he was deprived of most of his roles in domestic policy-making, which instead passed wholly to the [[Croatian Government]] and its [[Prime Minister of Croatia|Premier]].
Mesić testified at the [[International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia]] that implicated the Croatian army in the war in [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]. The right-wing parts of the Croatian public took issue with this, saying that his testimony contained untrue statements and questioned his motives (he was often branded "traitor").
He opposed the [[USA]]'s military campaign against [[Iraq]] and [[Saddam Hussein]]'s regime without [[United Nations]] approval and mandate. He improved Croatian foreign relations with [[Libya]] by exchanging visits with the Libyan leader [[Moammar Ghadafi]], contrary to the wishes of British and EU diplomacy.
The first Mesić mandate was not marked with historically crucial events such as the Tuđman presidency, and the Croatian public shifted in political orientation (HDZ partly lost in popularity, mostly to leftist parties).
When the Government changed hands in late [[2003]], problems were expected between the leftist President and a Government with rightist members, but Mesić handled the situation gracefully and there were few notable problems in this regard.
He served his first 5-year term until February [[2005]]. In the [[Croatian presidential election, 2005|2005 election]], Mesić was a candidate supported by eight political parties and won almost one half of votes, but was denied the absolute majority by a few percent. Mesić faced off with [[Jadranka Kosor]] in the second round of the elections and won. He will serve his second 5-year term until [[2010]].
==Quotes==
* ''I think I have fulfilled my task. Yugoslavia is no more.'' December 5th, 1991 in the Croatian parliament following his resignation of the Yugoslav presidency. Often taken out of context for political purposes, Mesić explained his statement on October 2, 2002 during his cross-examination at the ICTY by Slobodan Milošević. See [http://www.un.org/icty/transe54/021002ED.htm ICTY Transcript, Page 10636]
* ''All Serbs will fit under an umbrella.'' Mesic, on a meeting of [[HDZ]] in Gospic, in 1990, during heavy rain.
* ''Serbs can carry the dust on [[opanci]] on which they came to Croatia!'' Mesic, on a meeting of [[HDZ]] during election campagn in 1990. (In fact, Serbs in Krajina region have lived there for centuries, untill 1995)-->
== Pranala luar ==
* [http://www.predsjednik.hr/default.asp?ru=101&sid=&akcija=&jezik=2 Stjepan Mesić - biography]
{{start box}}
{{succession box |
before= [[Franjo Tuđman]] |
title= [[Presiden Kroasia]] |
years= [[18 Februari]] [[2000]] - Sekarang|
after= Sedang Menjabat}}
{{succession box |
before= Tidak ada|
title= [[Perdana Menteri Kroasia]] |
years= [[30 Mei]] [[1990]] – [[24 Agustus]] 1990|
after= [[Josip Manolić]]}}
{{succession box |
before= [[Borisav Jović]] |
title= [[Kepala Negara Yugoslavia|Pimpinan Kepresidenan Kolektif Yugoslavia]] |
years= [[30 Juni]] [[1991]] - [[3 Oktober]] [[1991]]<br /><small>(menggantikan lagi [[5 Desember]]) |
after= [[Branko Kostić]] (''acting'')}}
{{end box}}
{{politikus-stub}}
[[Kategori:Kelahiran 1934|Mesić, Stjepan]]
[[Kategori:Presiden Kroasia|Mesić, Stjepan]]
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[[zh:斯捷潘·梅西奇]]
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