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| Link = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/87
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'''Thebes''' atau '''Tebe''' ({{polytonic|Θῆβαι}}, ''Thēbai'') adalah kota di [[Mesir Kuno]] yang terletak 800 km sebelah selatan [[Laut Tengah]], di tepi timur sungai [[Nil]] ({{coord|25.7|N|32.645|E|type:city}}). KotaDi iniatas adalahbekas ibukota dari ''[[Waset]],'' [[nome (Mesir)|nome]] [[Mesir Hulu]] keempat. Kotakuno ini jugasekarang merupakanberdiri ibukota Mesirkota selamamodern [[dinasti kesebelas Mesir]] dan [[dinasti kedelapanbelas MesirLuxor]], ketikayang [[Hatshepsut]]merupakan membangunsalah armadasatu Lauttempat Merahwisata untuk memfasilitasi perdagangan antara pelabuhan [[Laut Merah]] Thebesterkenal di Elim dengan Elat di Teluk Aqabadunia.
== Sejarah ==
[[File:Biface Egypte MHNT PRE 2004.0.99.jpg|thumb|left| ''Lithic core'' yang ada di Museum di Toulouse]]
Thebes sudah dihuni sejak seminar tahun 3200 SM.<ref>http://www.ancient-wisdom.co.uk/egyptkarnak.htm</ref> <!--MerupakanKota theini eponymousadalah capitalibukota of Waset, the fourthdari ''[[Upper EgyptWaset]]ian,'' [[Nomenome (EgyptMesir)|nome]]. Waset was the capital of Egypt during part of the [[EleventhMesir dynasty of Egypt|11th DynastyHulu]] ([[Middlekeempat. KingdomKota ofini Egypt|Middlejuga Kingdom]])merupakan andibukota mostMesir of theselama [[Eighteenthdinasti dynastykesebelas of Egypt|18th DynastyMesir]] (dan [[Newdinasti Kingdomkedelapanbelas of Egypt|New KingdomMesir]]), whenketika [[Hatshepsut]] builtmembangun aarmada RedLaut SeaMerah fleetuntuk tomemfasilitasi facilitateperdagangan tradeantara between Thebes Red Sea port ofpelabuhan [[ElimLaut (Bible)|ElimMerah]], modernThebes Quasir,di andElim dengan [[Eilat|Elat]] atdi theTeluk headAqaba. ofPara the [[Gulf of Aqaba]].pedagang Tradersmembawa boughtkemenyan ''frankincense'', myrrhmur, bitumen, natron, finelenan woventenun linenhalus, minyak juniper oildan andamulet coppertembaga amuletsuntuk forindustri thepemakaman mortuary industry atdi Karnak withdengan Nubianemas goldNubia. With the [[NineteenthDinasti dynasty of Egypt|19thke-19 DynastyMesir]] thekemudian seatmemindahkan ofpusat governmentpemerintahan movedke todelta thesungai [[NileNil, Delta|Delta]].namun Thekota archaeologicalThebes remainstetap ofmerupakan Thebeskota offerpenting. aPeninggalan strikingsejarah testimonydi toThebes Egyptianmemberikan civilizationbukti attingginya itskejayaan height.budaya Mesir Thekuno. GreekPenyair poetYunani, [[Homer]], extolledmengagungkan the wealth ofkekayaan Thebes indalam thekaryanya [[Iliad]], BookJilid 9 (c.abad 8th Centuryke-8 BCSM): "... indi EgyptianThebes, Mesir, tumpukan batangan emas mulia bercahaya, Thebes theyang heapsmempunyai ofratusan preciousgerbang." ingotsRaja gleam[[Asyur]], the[[Asyurbanipal]], menghancurkan dan menjarah kota ini serta membantai hundredpenduduknya termasuk anak-gatedanak Thebespada tahun 663 SM, seperti diabadikan dalam ukiran di istana [[Niniwe]]." Kota ini dibangun kembali pada tahun 654 SM, pada zaman Firaun Psamtikus.
== Nama ==
[[File:Egypt.LuxorTemple.06.jpg|thumb|left|LuxorKuil TempleLuxor]]
The name ''Thebai'' is the [[Greek language|Greek]] designation of the ancient [[Egyptian language|Egyptian]] '''opet''' "The Karnak Temple" (from coptic ta-pe, Ta-opet became Thebai). At the seat of the Theban [[Egyptian mythology|triad]] of [[Amun]], [[Mut]], and [[Khonsu]], Thebes was known in the [[Egyptian language]] from the end of the [[New Kingdom of Egypt|New Kingdom]] as ''niwt-imn'', "The City of [[Amun]]." This found its way into the Hebrew [[Bible]] as נא אמון (''nōʼ ʼāmôn'') ([[Book of Nahum|Nahum]] 3:8), probably referring to the Egyptian deity [[Amun-Ra]], most likely it is also the same as נא ("No") ([[Book of Ezekiel|Ezekiel]] 30:14-16, [[Book of Jeremiah|Jeremiah]] 46:25). In Greek this name was rendered {{lang|grc|Διόσπολις}} ''Diospolis'', "City of Zeus", as [[Zeus]] was the god whom the Greeks identified with [[Amun]], see [[interpretatio graeca]]. The Greeks surnamed the city {{lang|grc|μεγάλη}} ''megale'', "the Great", to differentiate it from numerous other cities called Diospolis. The [[Roman Empire|Romans]] rendered the name ''Diospolis Magna''.
Nama ''Thebai'' merupakan terjemahan [[bahasa Yunani]] untuk nama bahasa Mesir '''opet''' untuk "Kuil Karnak" (dari [[bahasa Koptik]] ''ta-pe'', ''Ta-opet'' menjadi ''Thebai''). Di antara tiga dewa utama Thebes [[Amun]], [[Mut]], dan [[Khonsu]], Thebes dikenal dalam bahasa Mesir di akhir masa Kerajaan Baru sebagai ''niwt-imn'', "Kota [[Amun]". Nama ini dipakai dalam [[Alkitab Ibrani]] atau [[Perjanjian Lama]] di [[Alkitab]] sebagai נא אמון (''nōʼ ʼāmôn'') ([[Kitab Nahum]] [[Nahum 3|3:8]]), kemungkinan sama dengan נא ("No") ([[Kitab Yehezkiel]] 30:14-16, [[Kitab Yeremia]] 46:25).
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Dalam bahasa Yunani this name was rendered {{lang|grc|Διόσπολις}} ''Diospolis'', "City of Zeus", as [[Zeus]] was the god whom the Greeks identified with [[Amun]] The Greeks surnamed the city {{lang|grc|μεγάλη}} ''megale'', "the Great", to differentiate it from numerous other cities called Diospolis. The [[Roman Empire|Romans]] rendered the name ''Diospolis Magna''.
[[File:SFEC AEH -ThebesNecropolis-2010-FULL-Overview-039.jpg|thumb|left|The Theban Necropolis]]
In modern usage, the [[mortuary temple]]s and [[tomb]]s on the west bank of the river Nile are generally thought of as part of Thebes.
InPada tahun 1979, the ruins of ancient Thebes were inscribed by UNESCO as a World Cultural Heritage site. The two great [[Egyptian temple|temples]] the Valley of the Kings and the Valley of the Queens, [[Luxor Temple]] (Arabic: الأقصر, ''Al-Uqṣur'', "The palaces") and al-[[Karnak]] (الكرنك), are among the great achievements of ancient Egypt.-->
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== Nama dalam aksara [[hieroglif]] ==
{|class="wikitable"
|{{hiero|''w3s.t''<br>''City of the Sceptre''<ref>Adolf Erman, Hermann Grapow: ''Wörterbuch der ägyptischer Sprache.'' akademie Verlag, Berlin, 1971. p.259</ref>|<hiero>R19</hiero>|align=left|era=egypt}}
|{{hiero|''iwnw-sm’''<br>''Heliopolis of the South''<ref>Wörterbuch, pp.54,479</ref>|<hiero>O28-nw:niwt-Sma</hiero>|align=left|era=egypt}}
|}
== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
== Pranala luar ==
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